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Kaca anyar: {{Table Mobile phone standards}} Sistem '''telepon radio mobil''' téh miheulaan téknologi telepon mobil sélulér anu leuwih mutahir. Lantaran ieu sistem mecenghulna leuwih tiheula man...
 
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Sistem '''telepon radio mobil''' téh miheulaan téknologi telepon mobil sélulér anu leuwih mutahir. Lantaran ieu sistem mecenghulna leuwih tiheula manan telepon sélulér generasi kahiji, mangkana sistem ieu téh katelah sistem '''0G''', singkatan tina kecap-kecap basa Inggris ('''zero generation''') nu hartina generasi ka-0. Téknologi-téknologi anu digunakeun dina sistem 0G nyaéta [[Push to Talk]] ([[PTT]] atawa manual), [[Mobile Telephone System]] ([[MTS]]), [[Improved Mobile Telephone Service]] (IMTS), katut [[Advanced Mobile Telephone System]] (AMTS).
 
Sistem 0G bisa dibédakeun jeung sistem telepon radio ''tertutup'' nu leuwih tiheula aya (saperti sistem radio boga pulisi atawa sistem radio dina mobil taksi) dina harti yén sistem 0G mah sadia sacara komérsil (ngarupakeun bagian tina [[public switched telephone network]]) lengkep jeung nomer teleponna.
{{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
 
Telepon 0G biasana digantungkeun dina jero mobil atawa treuk, sanajan modél ''briefcase'' ogé aya sadia.
These early mobile telephone systems can be distinguished from earlier closed [[radiotelephone]] systems in that they were available as a commercial service that was part of the [[public switched telephone network]], with their own telephone numbers, rather than part of a closed network such as a police radio or taxi dispatch system.
 
Conto téknologi ieu diantarana:
These mobile telephones were usually mounted in cars or trucks, though briefcase models were also made. Typically, the transceiver (transmitter-receiver) was mounted in the vehicle trunk and attached to the "head" (dial, display, and handset) mounted near the driver seat.
*[[Motorola]] nu babarengan jeung [[Bell System]] nawarkeun layanan telepon mobil komérsil munggaran di [[AS]] dina taun 1946.
 
*Sistem otomatis munggaran nyaéta IMTS bogana ''Bell System'' anu sadia dina taun 1962, sarta nawarkeun ''automatic dialing''.
They were sold through WCCs (Wireline Common Carriers, AKA telephone companies), RCCs (Radio Common Carriers), and two-way radio dealers. The primary users were loggers, construction foremen, realtors, and celebrities.
*Televerket mimiti ngajalankeun sistem telepon mobil manual munggaran di [[Norwégia]] dina taun 1966. [[Norwégia]] satuluyna jadi nagara munggaran di [[Éropah]] nu maké sistem telepon mobil otomatis.
 
*[[Autoradiopuhelin]] (ARP) anu ditawarkeun dina taun 1971 di [[Finlandia]] salaku jaringan telepon mobil komérsil pikeun publik di ieu nagara.
Early examples for this technology:
*[[B-Netz]] nu ditawarkeun dina taun 1972 di [[Jérman Kulon]] (nu teu merlukeun operator manusa pikeun ngahubungkeun para langganan).
*[[Motorola]] in conjunction with the [[Bell System]] operated the first commercial mobile telephone service MTS in the US in 1946, as a service of the wireline telephone company.
*First automatic system was the Bell System's IMTS which became available in 1962, offering automatic dialing to and from the mobile.
*The Televerket opened its first manual mobile telephone system in [[Norway]] in 1966. Norway was later the first country in [[Europe]] to get an automatic mobile telephone system.
*The [[Autoradiopuhelin]] (ARP) launched in 1971 in [[Finland]] as the country's first public commercial mobile phone network
*The [[B-Netz]] launched 1972 in [[West Germany]] as the country's second public commercial mobile phone network (but the first one that did not require human operators to connect calls)
 
== Radio Common Carrier ==
 
Parallel to IMTS in the US until the rollout of cellular AMPS systems, a competing mobile telephone technology was called '''Radio Common Carrier''' or '''RCC'''. The service was provided from the 1960s until the 1980s when cellular AMPS systems made RCC equipment obsolete. These systems operated in a regulated environment in competition with the Bell System's MTS and IMTS. RCCs handled telephone calls and were operated by private companies and individuals. Some systems were designed to allow customers of adjacent RCCs to use their facilities but the universe of RCCs did not comply with any single interoperable technical standard, (a capability called ''roaming'' in modern systems). If you had RCC service in Omaha, your phone would not be likely to work in Phoenix. At the end of RCCs existence, industry associations were working on a technical standard that would potentially have allowed roaming, and some mobile users had multiple decoders to enable operation with more than one of the common signaling formats (600/1500, 2805, and Reach). Manual operation was often a fallback for RCC roamers.
 
Roaming was not encouraged, in part, because there was no centralized industry billing database for RCCs. Signaling formats were not standardized. For example, some systems used [[Selective calling|two-tone sequential paging]] to alert a mobile or hand-held that a wired phone was trying to call them. Other systems used [[DTMF]]. Some used a system called ''Secode 2805'' which transmitted an interrupted 2805 Hz tone, (in a manner similar to IMTS signaling,) to alert mobiles of an offered call. Some radio equipment used with RCC systems was half-duplex, push-to-talk equipment such as Motorola hand-helds or RCA 700-series conventional two-way radios. Other vehicular equipment had telephone handsets, rotary or pushbutton dials, and operated full duplex like a conventional wired telephone. A few users had full-duplex briefcase telephones, (radically advanced for their day).
 
RCCs used paired UHF 454/459 MHz and VHF 152/158 MHz frequencies near those used by IMTS.
 
== Rural Radiotelephone Radio Service ==
 
Using the same channel frequencies as IMTS, the US [[Federal Communications Commission]] authorized another 0G technology called Rural Radiotelephone Radio Service. Because RF channels were shared with IMTS, the service was licensed only in areas that were remote from large [[Bureau of the Census]] [[Metropolitan Statistical Area|Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)]].
 
Systems used UHF 454 MHz or 152 MHz radio channels to provide telephone service to extremely rural places where it would be too costly to extend cable plant. One such system was on a 454/459 MHz channel pair between the [[Death Valley]] [[telephone exchange]] and [[Stovepipe Wells, California]]. This specific system carried manual calls to the Traffic Service Position System (TSPS) center in Los Angeles. Stovepipe Wells callers went off-hook and were queried, "Number please," by a TSPS operator, who dialed the call. Dial service was introduced to Stovepipe Wells in the mid-[[1980s]]. The radio link has since been replaced by cable.
 
== Tempo ogé ==