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m mindahkeun Advanced Mobile Phone System ka AMPS: Di Indonesia, leuwih umum make singketan manan terminologi aslina nu panjang teuing.
Hadiyana (obrolan | kontribusi)
→‎Téknologi: saeutik nuluykeun tarjamahan
Baris ka-6:
AMPS ngarupakeun téknologi [[sélulér]] generasi munggaran ([[1G]]) nu ngagunakeun frékuénsi atawa kanal nu béda pikeun tiap panelepon (tempo [[FDMA]]). Temahna, ieu téknologi merlukeun [[rubakpita]] nu lega. Dina istilah umum, AMPS sarupa pisan jeung "0G" nu leuwih ti heula, ngan baé ngagunakeun daya komputasi nu leuwih loba pikeun milih frékuénsi, ''hand off'' ka sambungan-sambungan [[PSTN]], sarta ngurus tagihan jeung [[call setup]].
 
WhatNu really separatesngabédakeun AMPS fromti téknologi lianna nu olderleuwih systemskolot isnyaéta theayana "back end" ''call setup functionality''. InDina AMPS, thepuseur-puseur cellsél centersbisa cansacara flexiblyfléksibel assignméré channelskanal tokana handsets''handset'' baseddumasar onkana signalkuatna strength,sinyal allowingnu thedipancarkeun sameku frequency''handset'', totemahna befrékuénsi re-usednu insarua variousbisa locationsdigunakeun withoutdeui interference.di Thispatempatan allowedlianna atanpa largerngakibatkeun numbergangguan. ofTemahna, AMPS phonesbisa tongaladénan beréa supportednomer overlangganan adina geographicalwilayah areatinangtu. AMPS pioneersjadi fatheredpanaratas the termistilah "cellularsélulér" becauselantaran ofieu itstéknologi usenu ofmunggaran smallngagunakeun hexagonalsél-sél "cells"héksagonal withinnu aleutik systemdina sahiji sistem. <ref name="bell_young">W. Rae Young, "AMPS: Introduction, Background, and Objectives", Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 58, 1, pages 1-14, January 1979. ''(Note: Young was the Bell Labs engineer who invented the hexagonal cell concept.)''</ref><ref name="bell_porter">Z. C. Fluhr and Philip T. Porter, "AMPS: Control Architecture", Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 58, 1, pages 1-14, January 1979. ''(Note: Porter was the Bell Labs engineer who proposed that the cell towers be at the corners of the hexagons rather than the centers and have directional antennas that would transmit/receive in 3 directions into 3 adjacent hexagon cells.)''</ref>
{{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
 
Aya sawatara kakurang AMPS lamun dibandingkeun jeung teknologi digital kiwari. Lantaran ieu teknologi sifatna analog, AMPS uduh pisan ku gangguan statik jeung nois sarta teu boga panyalindungan tina ''panguping'' (basa Indonesia: penyadap) sora nu ngagunakeun [[Scanner (radio)|scanner]]. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
What really separates AMPS from older systems is the "back end" call setup functionality. In AMPS, the cell centers can flexibly assign channels to handsets based on signal strength, allowing the same frequency to be re-used in various locations without interference. This allowed a larger number of phones to be supported over a geographical area. AMPS pioneers fathered the term "cellular" because of its use of small hexagonal "cells" within a system.<ref name="bell_young">W. Rae Young, "AMPS: Introduction, Background, and Objectives", Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 58, 1, pages 1-14, January 1979. ''(Note: Young was the Bell Labs engineer who invented the hexagonal cell concept.)''</ref><ref name="bell_porter">Z. C. Fluhr and Philip T. Porter, "AMPS: Control Architecture", Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 58, 1, pages 1-14, January 1979. ''(Note: Porter was the Bell Labs engineer who proposed that the cell towers be at the corners of the hexagons rather than the centers and have directional antennas that would transmit/receive in 3 directions into 3 adjacent hexagon cells.)''</ref>
It suffered from some weaknesses when compared to today's digital technologies. Since it is an analog standard, it is very susceptible to static and noise and has no protection from eavesdropping using a [[Scanner (radio)|scanner]]. In the 1990s, "cloning" was an epidemic that cost the industry millions of dollars. An unscrupulous eavesdropper with specialized equipment can intercept a handset's [[Electronic Serial Number|ESN]] (Electronic Serial Number). A Electronic Serial Number is a packet of data which is sent by the handset to the cellular system for billing purposes. The system then allows or disallows calls and or features based on its customer file. If an ESN is intercepted, it could then be cloned onto a different phone and used in other areas for making calls without paying. The problem became so large that some carriers required the use of a [[Personal identification number|PIN]] before making calls. Though cloning is still possible even with digital technologies, the cost of wireless service is so low that the problem has virtually disappeared. AMPS has been replaced by newer digital standards, such as [[Digital AMPS]], [[GSM]], and [[CDMA2000]] which brought improved security as well as increased capacity.
 
It suffered from some weaknesses when compared to today's digital technologies. Since it is an analog standard, it is very susceptible to static and noise and has no protection from eavesdropping using a [[Scanner (radio)|scanner]]. In the 1990s, "cloning" was an epidemic that cost the industry millions of dollars. An unscrupulous eavesdropper with specialized equipment can intercept a handset's [[Electronic Serial Number|ESN]] (Electronic Serial Number). A Electronic Serial Number is a packet of data which is sent by the handset to the cellular system for billing purposes. The system then allows or disallows calls and or features based on its customer file. If an ESN is intercepted, it could then be cloned onto a different phone and used in other areas for making calls without paying. The problem became so large that some carriers required the use of a [[Personal identification number|PIN]] before making calls. Though cloning is still possible even with digital technologies, the cost of wireless service is so low that the problem has virtually disappeared. AMPS has been replaced by newer digital standards, such as [[Digital AMPS]], [[GSM]], and [[CDMA2000]] which brought improved security as well as increased capacity.
 
AMPS was originally standardized by ANSI as EIA/TIA/IS-3. This was later superseded by EIA/TIA-553 and TIA interim standard IS-91.