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Baris ka-88:
=== Daya listrik rata-rata pikeun tegangan sinusoida ===
 
Daya rata-rata nu dikonsumsi ku hiji alat listrik dua terminal liniér anu digerakkeun ku [[sinus]] mangrupakeun fungsi ti harga [[akar rata-rata kwadrat]] atawa '''root mean square''' (rms) ti [[tegangan (listrik)|tegangan]] sapanjang terminal sarta [[arus listrik|arus]] anu ngaliwatan alat kasebut, ogé sudut fase antara sinusoida [[tegangan (listrik)|tegangan]] jeung sinusoida arus. Jadi,
The average power consumed by a [[sine|sinusoidally]]-driven linear two-terminal electrical device is a function of the [[root mean square]] (rms) values of the [[voltage]] across the terminals and the [[electric current|current]] passing through the device, and of the phase angle between the voltage and current sinusoids. That is,
:<math>
P = I \cdot V \cdot \cos \varphi \,
</math>
 
dimana
where
:''P'' isnyaéta thedaya average powerrata-rata, measurednu indiukur maké [[hijian]] [[watt]]s
:''I'' isnyaéta theakar rootrata-rata meankwadrat squareharga valuearus of the sinusoidal alternating currentrobah (AC) sinusoida, measurednu indiukur dina [[hijian]] [[ampere]]s
:''V'' isnyaéta theakar rootrata-rata meankwadrat squareharga valuetegangan ofrobah thesinusoida, sinusoidal alternating voltage,nu measureddiukur indina [[volt]]s
:''&phi;'' is thenyaéta [[phasesudut anglefase]] between the voltageantara andfungsi thetegangan currentjeung sinefungsi functionsarus.
 
Amplitudi-amplitudo tegangan sinusoida jeung arus sinusoida, kawas nu digunakeun sacara ampir universal dina jaringan listrik, biasana ditetepkeun dina wangunan harga-harga rms. Hal ieu ngajadikeun itungan di luhur jadi sasederhana kakalian antara dua harga rms.
The amplitudes of sinusoidal voltages and currents, such as those used almost universally in mains electrical supplies, are normally specified in terms of root mean square values. This makes the above calculation a simple matter of multiplying the two stated numbers together.
 
ThisAngka figureieu canbisa alsoogé be called thedisebut [[effectivedaya poweréféktif]], as compared to thebéda largerjeung [[apparentdaya powernyata]] whichnu isleuwih expressedgedé, nu dinyatakeun dina inhijian [[volt-ampere]]s (VA) andsarta doesteu notngabuskeun include thesélér cos ''φ'' termlantaran duearus tojeung thetegangan currentjadi andteu voltage being out of phasesafase. ForPikeun simplepanerapan domesticrumah appliancestangga ornu asaderhana purelyatawa resistivejaringan networkrésistif, thesélér cos ''φ'' term (callednu thedisebut [[powerfaktor factordaya]]) canbisa oftendianggap beboga assumedharga to be unity1, andsarta canku thereforekituna bebisa omitteddisingkahkeun fromtina thepersamaan equationkasebut. InDina thishal caseieu, the effective and apparentdaya poweréféktif arejeung assumeddaya tonyata bedianggap equalsarua.
 
=== Daya listrik rata-rata pikeun AC ===
Baris ka-109:
</math>
 
dimana v(t) jeung i(t) masing-masing mangrupakeun tegangan jeung arus sajongjonan salaku [[fungsi]] tina waktu.
Where v(t) and i(t) are, respectively, the instantaneous voltage and current as functions of time.
 
Pikeun alat-alat résistif murni, daya rata-rata sarua jeung kakalian tegangan rms jeung arus rms, malah sanajan bentuk gelombangna henteu sinusoida. Formula kasebut lumaku pikeun satiap bentuk gelombang, périodik atawa lain, nu boga rata-rata kwadrat; tah éta ku naon rumus ieu sakitu mangpaatna.
For purely resistive devices, the average power is equal to the product of the rms voltage and rms current, even if the waveforms are not sinusoidal. The formula works for any waveform, periodic or otherwise, that has a mean square; that is why the rms formulation is so useful.
 
Pikeun alat-alat nu leuwih kompléks batan sahiji hiji résistor, daya éféktif rata-rata masih bisa dinyatakeun sacara umum sabagé faktor daya kali tegangan rms kali arus rms, tapi faktor dayana henteu jadi sasaderhana kosinus sudut fase lamun sumber énergina non-sinusoida atawa alatna henteu liniér.
For devices more complex than a resistor, the average effective power can still be expressed in general as a power factor times the product of rms voltage and rms current, but the power factor is no longer as simple as the cosine of a phase angle if the drive is non-sinusoidal or the device is not linear.
 
=== Daya puncak jeung siklus gawé ===
 
[[ImageGambar:peak-power-average-power-tau-T.png|right|thumb|400px|right|InDina asaruntuyan trainpulsa ofnu identical pulsessarupa, thedaya instantaneoussajongjonan powermangrupakeun isfungsi apériodik periodictina function of timewaktu. TheBabandingan ratio(rasio) ofselang thewaktu pulsepulsa durationjeung topérioda thesarua periodjeung israsio equalantara todaya therata-rata ratiojeung ofdaya the average power to the peak powerpuncak. ItIeu isdisebut alsoogé calledsiklus the duty cycle (see text for definitions)gawé.]]
 
InDina thehal casesinyal of a periodic signalpériodik <math>s(t)</math> ofkalayan periodpérioda <math>T</math>, likekawas asaruntuyan trainpulsa of identical pulsesidéntik, the instantaneousdaya powersajongjonan <math>p(t) = |s(t)|^2</math> isogé alsomangrupakeun ahiji periodicfungsi functionpériodik oftina periodpérioda <math>T</math>. The ''peak power'' isDaya simplypuncak defineddidéfinisikeun byku:
:<math>
P_0 = \max (p(t))
</math>.
 
TheSanajan peakkitu, powerdaya ispuncak nothenteu alwayssalawasna readilygampang measurable,diukur however,sarta andukur-ukuran thedaya measurement of the average powerrata-rata <math>P_\mathrm{avg}</math> isleuwih moreumum commonlydilaksanakeun performedku byhiji analat instrumentukur. Lamun If one definesurang thenetepkeun energyénergi per pulsepulsa assalaku:
:<math>
\epsilon_\mathrm{pulse} = \int_{0}^{T}p(t) \mathrm{d}t \,
</math>
 
mangka daya rata-ratana:
then the average power is:
:<math>
P_\mathrm{avg} = \frac{1}{T} \int_{0}^{T}p(t) \mathrm{d}t = \frac{\epsilon_\mathrm{pulse}}{T} \,
</math>.
 
OneUrang maybisa definengadéfinisikeun thepanjang pulse lengthpulsa <math>\tau</math> such thatsahingga <math>P_0\tau = \epsilon_\mathrm{pulse}</math> so that thesahingga ratiosrasiona:
:<math>
\frac{P_\mathrm{avg}}{P_0} = \frac{\tau}{T} \,
</math>
 
sarua. Rasio ieu disebut ''siklus gawé'' tina runtuyan pulsa.
are equal. These ratios are called the ''duty cycle'' of the pulse train.
 
== Daya dina élmu optik ==
 
{{mainutama|OpticalDaya poweroptik}}
 
Dina élmu [[optik]], atawa [[radiométri]], istilah ''daya'' sakapeung nujul ka [[fluks radian]], laju rata-rata énergi anu diangkut ku [[radiasi éléktromagnétik]], nu diukur dina [[hijian]] [[watt]]. Sanajan kitu, istilah "daya" ogé dipaké pikeun nganyatakeun kamampuh [[lénsa]] atawa alat optik lianna pikeun museurkeun cahaya. Ieu diukur dina [[hijian]] [[dioptre]] (kabalikan tina [[méter]]), sarta sarua jeung kabalikan tina [[panjang fokus]] alat optik.
In [[optics]], or [[radiometry]], the term ''power'' sometimes refers to [[radiant flux]], the average rate of energy transport by electromagnetic radiation, measured in [[watt]]s. The term "power" is also, however, used to express the ability of a [[lens (optics)|lens]] or other optical device to [[focus (optics)|focus]] light. It is measured in [[dioptre]]s (inverse [[metre]]s), and equals the inverse of the [[focal length]] of the optical device.
 
==Tempo ogé==
*[[Inténsitas]]
 
*[[Intensitas]]
==Rujukan==
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