Butan: Béda antarrépisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
|||
Baris ka-247:
{{Largest cities of Bhutan}}
== Démografi ==
{{Historical populations
===Ageman===▼
|type=
|footnote= Source: <small>http://www.bhutannewsservice.com/people-population/ Angka taun 2005 heunteu ngawengku pangeusi teu tetep jeung migran</small>
|1969 |930614
|1980 |1165000
|1991 |1375400
|2005 |634982
}}
[[File:Bhutanese people.jpg|thumb|left|Urang Butan keur maké pakéan nasional dina Parayaan Wangdi Phodrang.]]
{{main|Démografi Butan}}
Urang Butan utamina disusun ku Urang [[Ngalop]] (Butan Kulon) jeung [[urang Sharchop|Sharchop]] (Butan Wétan). Urang [[Lhotshampa]] (urang kidul) nyaéta kelompok urang anu hétérogén kalawan komposisi utama urang katurunan [[Urang Nepal|Nepal]]. Urang Lhotshampa dianggep ngawasaan 45% total pangeusi Butan dina sénsus taun 1988<ref name="bns">http://www.bhutannewsservice.com/people-population/</ref>. Dina awal jaman 1970-an, pernikahan campuran antawis Urang jeung and masarakat Butan utama dirojong ku pamaréntah. Tatapi dina ahir jaman 1980-an, pamaréntah Butan ngaluarkeun kira-kira 108.000 Urang Lhotshampa ti wewengkonna ka kémah-kémah pangungsian.<ref name="hrw.org"/>
Tingkat [[beunta hurup]] di Butan nyaéta 59,5%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?PTYPE=CP&CCODE=BTN |title=Report: Data Profile |publisher=World Bank |year=2008 |accessdate=2009-04-23 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080801053414/http://devdata.worldbank.org/external/CPProfile.asp?PTYPE=CP&CCODE=BTN |archivedate=2008-08-01}}</ref> Butan miboga yuswa médian 24,8 taun.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bt.html CIA World Factbook: Bhutan]</ref> Tingkat [[harepan hirup]] nyaéta 62,2 taun (61 lalaki, 64,5 awéwé). Rasio jenis kelamin nyaéta 1.070 lalaki per 1.000 awéwé.<!---CIA factbook|CIA-4--->
{{bar box |title=Agama di Butan |left1=agama |right1=perséntase |float=right
|bars =
{{bar percent|Buddha|gold|76}}
{{bar percent|Hindu|purple|23}}
{{bar percent|Lianna|black|1}}
}}
[[File:Takstan-monastery.jpg|thumb|''Taktshang Goemba'' di Butan, [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=27.491884,89.363544&spn=0.011706,0.026157&t=h&z=16&vpsrc=6&lci=com.panoramio.all aya dina gawir saluhur 900 méter]]]
{{main|Agama di Butan}}
Diperkirakeun antawis dua per tilu jeung tilu per opat populasi Butan ngagem [[Buddha Vajrayana]], nu mangrupa [[agama nagara]]. Kirang leuwih saperopat nepi ka sapertilu populasi ngagem [[Hindu]]. Pangagem agama lian ngawengku kirang ti 1% populasi.<ref name=USDOS>{{cite web|title=International Religious Freedom Report 2007–Bhutan|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=2007-09-14|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90227.htm|accessdate=2008-01-06| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080109063821/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90227.htm| archivedate= 9 Januari 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Aturan undang-undang anu ayeuna ngarojong kana [[kabébasan agama]]; tatapi [[proselytism]] dilarang ku hiji kawijakan pamaréntah<ref name=USDOS/> sarta tina interpretasi yudikatif [[Undang-Undang Dasar Butan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhutannewsservice.com/main-news/pastor-sentenced-to-3-yrs-in-prison|title=Pastor Sentenced to Three Years in Prison|work=Bhutan News Service|publisher=Bhutan News Service|date=2010-12-12|accessdate=2011-01-25}}</ref>
Agama Buddha dipikawanohkeun ka Butan dina abad ka-7 maséhi. Raja Tibét [[Songtsän Gampo]] (ngajabat 627–649), maréntahkeun diwangunna 2 wihara Buddha, di [[Bumthang (kota)|Bumthang]] Jampa Lhakhang di Butan bagian tengah jeung di Kyichu Lhakhang (di deukeut [[Paro, Butan|Paro]]) di [[Lebak Paro]].<ref name="CS1"/>
===Basa===
{{main|Basa di Butan}}
{{Annotated image
|caption=[[Basa di Butan]]
|image- style="width:300px;" |width=300 |float=left |image-bg-color=#F4E2BA
|imagemap=<imagemap>
Image:Languages of Bhutan.svg|300px
default [[File:Languages of Bhutan with labels.svg]]
desc none
# Dots and long names in small, Dzongkha in big
</imagemap>
|annotations=
{{Annotation|50|65|'''[[Basa Dzongkha]]'''}}
{{Annotation|149|73|<small>'''[[Basa Bumthang|Bumthang]]'''</small>}}
{{Annotation|174|16|<small>[[Basa Kurtöp|Kurtöp]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|204|42|<small>[[Basa Dzala|Dzala]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|231|28|<small>[[Basa Khams Tibét|Khampa Tibét]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|122|42|<small>[[Lakha]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|100|81|<small>[[Nyenkha]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|136|91|<small>[['Olekha|'Olekha (Monpa)]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|165|56|<small>[[Basa Brokkat|Brokkat]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|207|61|<small>[[Chocangacakha]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|213|90|<small>[[Basa Chali|Chali]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|222|80|<small>[[Basa Dakpa|Dakpa]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|275|75|<small>[[Basa Brokpa|Brokpa]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|264|138|'''[[Basa Nepal|Nepal]]'''}}
{{Annotation|10|118|'''[[Basa Nepal|Nepal]]'''}}
{{Annotation|120|123|'''[[Basa Nepal|Nepal]]'''}}
{{Annotation|53|113|<small>[[Basa Lepcha|Lepcha]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|58|126|<small>[[Basa Lhokpu|Lhokpu]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|165|111|<small>[[Basa Kheng|Kheng]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|192|119|<small>[[Basa Gongduk|Gongduk]]</small>}}
{{Annotation|228|100|<small>'''[[Basa Tshangla|Tshangla]]<br>[[Basa Tshangla|(Sharchopkha)]]'''</small>}}
}}
Basa resmi nagara nyaéta Basa Butan ([[Basa Dzongkha|Dzongkha]]), salah sahiji ti 53 basa ti [[rungkun basa Tibétan]]. Aksarana anu disebut ''Chhokey'', sarungkun jeung aksara Tibét klasik. Di sakola-sakola, Basa Inggris mangrupa basa panganteur pangatikan sedengkeun Dzongkha diajar salaku basa nasional. [[Ethnologue]] nulis 24 basa anu kiwari dipaké di Butan, sadayana mangrupa bagian tu [[rungkun basa Tibet-Burma]], iwal [[Basa Nepal]] anu asup kana [[rungkun basa Indo-Arya]]. Nepi ka taun 1980-an, pamaréntah ngarojong pangajaran Basa Nepal di sakola-sakola di Butan beulah kidul. Tapi, sanggeus karusuhan pakarang, Basa Nepal dikaluarkeun ti kurikulum. Saméméh 1980-an, [[Lhotshampa]] (masarakat panyatur Basa Nepal), utamina ngeusian Butan beulah kidul, ngawengku kira-kira 30% populasi Butan.<ref name=CIDCM>{{cite web|title=MAR {{!}} Data |Assessment for Lhotshampas in Bhutan |url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=76001 |work=Database |publisher=Puseur Pamekaran Internasional jeung Manajemén Konflik [[Universitas Maryland]] |accessdate=2011-08-09}}</ref>
==Budaya==
| |||