Butan: Béda antarrépisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Baris ka-310:
Basa resmi nagara nyaéta Basa Butan ([[Basa Dzongkha|Dzongkha]]), salah sahiji ti 53 basa ti [[rungkun basa Tibétan]]. Aksarana anu disebut ''Chhokey'', sarungkun jeung aksara Tibét klasik. Di sakola-sakola, Basa Inggris mangrupa basa panganteur pangatikan sedengkeun Dzongkha diajar salaku basa nasional. [[Ethnologue]] nulis 24 basa anu kiwari dipaké di Butan, sadayana mangrupa bagian tu [[rungkun basa Tibet-Burma]], iwal [[Basa Nepal]] anu asup kana [[rungkun basa Indo-Arya]]. Nepi ka taun 1980-an, pamaréntah ngarojong pangajaran Basa Nepal di sakola-sakola di Butan beulah kidul. Tapi, sanggeus karusuhan pakarang, Basa Nepal dikaluarkeun ti kurikulum. Saméméh 1980-an, [[Lhotshampa]] (masarakat panyatur Basa Nepal), utamina ngeusian Butan beulah kidul, ngawengku kira-kira 30% populasi Butan.<ref name=CIDCM>{{cite web|title=MAR {{!}} Data |Assessment for Lhotshampas in Bhutan |url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=76001 |work=Database |publisher=Puseur Pamekaran Internasional jeung Manajemén Konflik [[Universitas Maryland]] |accessdate=2011-08-09}}</ref>
== Budaya ==
[[File:Bhutanese thanka of Mt. Meru and the Buddhist Universe.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Thanka]]'' [[Gunung Meru (mitos)|Gunung Meru]] jeung jagad Buddha (abad ka-19, [[Tongsa|Dzong Tongsa]], Tongsa, Butan).]]
[[File:Bhutan-masked-dance.jpg|thumb|200px|''Chaam'', sacara taunan dipéntaskeun dina parayaan kaagamaan.]]
{{main|Budaya Butan}}
Butan miboga loba budaya khas anu sacara umum masih asli lantaran isolasi Butan ti dunya luar nepi ka awal 1960-an. Tradisi Butan patali jeung pangaruh agama Buddha.<ref>Kharat, Rajesh. "Bhutan's Security Scenario." ''Contemporary South Asia'' 13.2 (2004): 171-185. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Désémber 2011.</ref><ref>Martin Regg, Cohn. "Lost horizon." ''Toronto Star'' (Canada) n.d.: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 8 Désémber 2011.</ref> [[Hindu]] mangrupa agama dominan anu kadua di Butan, utamina di pakidulan.<ref>Zurick, David. "Gross National Happiness And Environmental Status In Bhutan." ''Geographical Review'' 96.4 (2006): 657-681. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Désémber 2011.</ref> The government is increasingly making efforts to preserve and sustain the current culture and traditions of the country. Kusabab kaayaan alam jeung warisan budayana anu saeutik kapangaruh ti luar, Butan disebut ogé salaku ''[[Shangri-la]] Pangahirna''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/edens/bhutan|title=Bhutan – the Last Shangri La|publisher=PBS online|accessdate=2011-09-01}}</ref>
[[Sangu]], [[soba]], jeung [[jagong]] mangrupa kadaharan utama dina [[kulinér Butan]]. Kadaharan lianna aya ogé saperti daging [[daging babi]], [[daging sapi|sapi]], [[yak]], [[hayam]], jeung [[daging domba|domba]]. [[Produk susu]], saperti [[mantéga]] and kiju ti yak jeung [[sapi]], ogé populér. Inuman populér contona [[entéh mantéga]], [[entéh]], ''[[ara (inuman)|ara]]'', jeung [[bir]]. Butan mangrupa nagara kahiji di dunya anu ngalarang dijualna [[bako]] liwat [[Undang-Undang Pangadalian Bako Butan 2010|UU Bako 2010]].<ref name=LP/>
[[Arsitéktur Butan]] mangrupa arsitéktur karuhun anu khas. Arsitéktur tradisionalna heunteu maké paku boh rangkay beusi dina ngajieunana.<ref name=LP/><ref>{{cite book|title=Earth Architecture |first=Ronald |last=Rael |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |year=2008 |isbn=1-56898-767-6 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BsLAeifqe4EC |page=92 |accessdate=2011-10-31}}</ref><ref name=bbc98>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profile/54627.stm |title=Country profile – Bhutan: a land frozen in time |date=1998-02-09 |publisher=BBC News online |accessdate=2010-10-01| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20101111083203/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profile/54627.stm| archivedate= 11 Nopémber 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Salah sahiji wangunan cicirén Butan nyaéta wangunan bénténg anu disebut ''[[dzong]]''. Ti jaman kuna, dzong dipaké salaku puseur pamaréntahan jeung kaagamaan di wewengkonna.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Amundsen |first=Ingun B |url=http://www.thlib.org/static/reprints/jbs/JBS_05_02.pdf |format=PDF |title=On Bhutanese and Tibetan Dzongs |journal=Journal of Bhutan Studies |volume=5 |edition=Winter |year=2001 |pages=8–41 |accessdate=2011-10-19}} ([http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/jbs/ JBS])</ref> [[Universitas Texas El Paso]] ti Amérika Sarikat maké gaya arsitéktur Butan dina wangunan kampusna, kitu ogé ku sababaraha wangunan lian di kota [[El Paso]].<ref>{{cite web|work=UTEP Handbook of Operations |title=1.1 University History|url=http://admin.utep.edu/Default.aspx?PageContentMode=1&tabid=30289|publisher=University of Texas, El Paso|accessdate=2011-09-01| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110723225636/http://admin.utep.edu/Default.aspx?PageContentMode=1&tabid=30289| archivedate= 23 Juli 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
Butan miboga [[poé peré di Butan|loba poé peré]], kalobaanana mangrupa parayaan tradisional usuman, sékulér, jeung kaagamaan. Di antarana saperti [[Dongzhi|titik balik panonpoé]] (kira-kira 1 Januari, dumasar [[kalénder bulan]]), Taun Anyar (kalénder bulan, Pébruari atanapi Maret), tepang taun Raja, sarta poé pangistrénana, ahir resmi usum [[muson]] (22 Séptémber), Poé Nasional (17 Désémber), sareng rupa-rupa parayaan Buddha jeung Hindu.
[[Musik Butan]] sacara umum dibagi kana varian tradisional jeung modéren. Musik tradisional mangrupa musik kaagamaan jeung rahayat, saperti ''[[zhungdra]]'' jeung ''[[boedra]]''.<ref name=Greenwood>{{cite book|title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife: Southeast Asia and India, Central and East Asia, Middle East |volume=2 |first=William M. |last=Clements |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-313-32849-8 |pages=106–110 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZvrWAAAAMAAJ |accessdate=2011-10-16}}</ref> Musik modéren saperti ''[[rigsar]]'' dimaénkeun ku alat musik campuran antara instrumén tradisional jeung organ listrik, nu tiasa ditulusuran balik ka jaman awal 1990-an. Musik ieu némbongkeun pangaruh ti musik populér India, hiji campuran ti musik tradisional jeung pangaruh musik populér Kulon.<ref name=k1>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-10-16 |url=http://www.kuenselonline.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2420 |first=Ugyen |last=Penjor |title=From Ngesem Ngesem to Khu Khu Khu ... Rigsar music woos local music fans |date=2003-01-19 |publisher=[[Kuensel]] online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-10-16 |url=http://www.raonline.ch/pages/bt/visin/bt_music01a.html |title=Rigsar Dranyen |work=RAOnline |date=2011-06-17}}</ref>
Dina kulawarga Butan, warisan ilaharna dipasihan ka gurat katurunan awéwé tibatan ka lalaki. Budak awéwé bakal diwariskeun imah kolotna. Budak lalaki dipiharep sangkan tiasa nyieun kahirupanna sorangan sarta remenna pindah ka imah pamajikanana. [[Nikah ku bogoh]] ilahar di wewengkon kota, tapi tradisi [[perjodohan]] masih kénéh umum di wewengkon désa. Sanajan teu umum, [[poligami]] dianggep biasa, malah ogé sok janten cara pikeun ngajaga harta tetep dina kulawarga.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sikkim and Bhutan|publisher=Vikas Publications, Indian Council for Cultural Relations |first=V.H. |last=Coelho |year=1970 |accessdate=2011-09-01 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KD0KAQAAIAAJ |page=82}}</ref> Raja saméméhna, [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]], anu ngabdikasi taun 2006, miboga 4 prameswari, anu sadayana sadulur. Raja anu ayeuna, [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]], nikah jeung [[Jetsun Pema]], 21, masarakat biasa sarta putrina saurang pilot.
==Olahraga==
| |||