Wikipédia

Basa Jepang: Béda antarrépisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Éditan saméméhnaÉditan salajengna →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Visual (béta)Téks wiki
Legobot (obrolan | kontribusi)
2.262 suntingan
m Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by Wikidata on d:q5287 (translate me)
Shrikarsan (obrolan | kontribusi)
1.315 suntingan
clean up, replaced: {{main| → {{utama| (7) using AWB
Baris ka-22:
 
== Klasifikasi ==
{{mainutama|Japanese language classification}}
 
[[Historical linguistics|Ahli sajarah bahasa]] nu nalungtik Basa Jepang sacara husus percaya yen aya dua kulawarga di Basa Jepang nyaeta kulawarga basa [[Japonic language|Japonic]] jeung kulawarga basa [[Ryukyuan languages|Ryukyuan]]. (Pamanggih sejenna, utamana nu teu nalungtik Basa Jepang sacara umum, dina Basa Jepang aya [[language isolate|basa nu misah]], salah sahijina nyaeta dialek basa Ryukyuan).
Baris ka-39:
 
=== Dialek ===
{{mainutama|dialék Basa Jepang}}
 
Puluhan dialek paguneman di Jepang. Kaayaan ieu kusabab sababaraha alesan nyaetea lilana pulo dicicingan, pulo nu daerah pagunungan sarta panjangna sajarah Jepang nu kapisah boh kaluar atawa ka jero. Tipe dialek dibedakan ku aksen, infleksi [[morfologi (linguistik)|morfologi]], [[kosakecap]], jeung partikel nu dipake. Sanajan teu ilahar, aya beda oge dina [[vokal]] jeung [[konsonan]].
Baris ka-52:
 
== Sora ==
{{mainutama|Fonologi Basa Jepang}}
{{IPA notice}}
 
Baris ka-64:
== Grammar ==
<!--Please keep in mind that this section is intended to be a summary and should not dominate the article. If you feel like going in-depth about something regarding Japanese grammar, please add it to the main article linked below.-->
{{mainutama|Japanese grammar}}
 
=== Struktur Kalimah ===
Baris ka-70:
Susunan dasar kecap Basa Jepang nyaeta [[Subject Object Verb|Subyek Obyek Kecap Gawe]]. Subyek, Obyek, jeung hubungan grammatikal ilaharana ditandaan ku [[Japanese particles|partikel]], numana ahiran dina kecap dimodifikasi, sarta saterusna disebut [[postposition]].
<!--
The basic sentence structure is [[topic-comment]]. For example, ''Kochira-wa Tanaka-san desu.'' ''Kochira'' ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by the particle ''-wa''. The verb is ''desu'', a [[copula]], commonly translated as "to be" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"). As a phrase, ''Tanaka-san desu'' is the comment. This sentence loosely translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mr./Mrs./Ms. Tanaka". Thus Japanese, like [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Korean language|Korean]], and many other Asian languages, is often called a [[topic-prominent language]], which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and the two do not always coincide. The sentence ''Zō-wa hana-ga nagai (desu)'' literally means, "As for elephants, (their) noses are long". The topic is ''zō'' "elephant", and the subject is ''hana'' "nose".
 
Japanese is a [[pro-drop language]], meaning that the subject or object of a sentence need not be stated if it is obvious from context. In addition, it is commonly felt that the shorter a Japanese sentence is, the better (a quality called "[[Iki (aesthetic ideal)|iki]]" in Japanese). As a result of this grammatical permissiveness and tendency towards brevity, Japanese speakers tend naturally to omit words from sentences, rather than refer to them with [[pronoun]]s. In the context of the above example, ''hana-ga nagai'' would mean "[their] noses are long," while ''nagai'' by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: ''Yatta!'' "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below), a single adjective can be a complete sentence: ''Urayamashii!'' "[I'm] jealous [of it]!".
Baris ka-81:
: ''Ōkii kare-wa michi-o hashitte itta.'' (grammatically correct)
 
This is partly due to the fact that these words evolved from regular nouns, such as ''kimi'' "you" (君 "lord"), ''anata'' "you" (貴方 "that side, yonder"), and ''boku'' "I" (僕 "servant"). This is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns. Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom.
 
The choice of words used as pronouns is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as ''watashi'' or ''watakushi'', while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ''ore'' or ''boku''. Similarly, different words such as ''anata'', ''kimi'', and ''omae'' may be used to refer to a listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener.
Baris ka-139:
 
=== Basa lemes ===
{{mainutama|Japanese honorifics}}
{{mainutama|Japanese titles}}
 
Teu saperti siga basa kulon, Basa Jepang mibanda sistim gramatikal keur nembongkeun kasopanan jeung resmi.
Baris ka-175:
 
== Sistim Nulis ==
{{mainutama|Sistim tulis Jepang}}
 
Samemeh [[abad kalima]], Basa Jepang teu ngobagaan sistim [[tulisan]] sorangan. Basa Jepang mimiti ngasupkeun tina [[tulisan Cina]] kaasup oge sababaraha aspek [[budaya Cina]] sanggeus diwanohkeun ku pandita jeung pangajar [[Korea]] dina abad kalima jeung kagenep masehi.
Baris ka-220:
{{Wiktionary|code=ja}}
{{InterWiki|code=ja}}
 
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=jpn Ethnologue report for language code JPN]
* [http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Dialects_of_Japanese_language Definitions of the different Japanese dialects]
Baris 231 ⟶ 230:
* Bloch, Bernard. (1946). Studies in colloquial Japanese I: Inflection. ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', ''66'', 97-109.
* Bloch, Bernard. (1946). Studies in colloquial Japanese II: Syntax. ''Language'', ''22'', 200-248.
* Chafe, William L. (1976). Giveness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. In C. Li (Ed.), ''Subject and topic'' (pp. 25-56&nbsp;25–56). New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-447350-4.
* Kuno, Susumu. (1973). ''The structure of the Japanese language''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-11049-0.
* Kuno, Susumu. (1976). Subject, theme, and the speaker's empathy: A re-examination of relativization phenomena. In Charles N. Li (Ed.), ''Subject and topic'' (pp. 417-444&nbsp;417–444). New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-447350-4.
* Martin, Samuel E. (1975). ''A reference grammar of Japanese''. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01813-4.
* McClain, Yoko Matsuoka. (1981). ''Handbook of modern Japanese grammar:'' 口語日本文法便覧 ''[Kōgo Nihon bumpō]''. Tokyo: Hokuseido Press. ISBN 4-590-00570-0; ISBN 0-89346-149-0.
Dicomot ti "https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jepang"