Asia Kidul Wétan: Béda antarrépisi

{{Kotak info Asia Tenggara}}

 

Asia Tenggara ngawengku dua wewengkon geografis: Asia daratan, jeung [[island arc]] katut [[kapuloan]] nu aya di wetan jeung wetan kiduleunnana. Bagean [[Indochina|daratan]] kaasup [[Kamboja]], [[Laos]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]] jeung [[Vietnam]]; nu populasina utamana [[urang Tai]] jeung [[basa Austro-Asiatik|urang Austroasiatik]]; ageman nu dominan nyaeta [[Buda]], tuluy [[Islam]]. Bagean [[Asia Tenggara Maritim|maritim]] kaasup [[Brunei]], [[Timor Wetan]],<ref>[http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/worldregions.htm United Nations]</ref> [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Pilipina]] jeung [[Singapura]]. [[Urang Austronesia]] nu panglobana aya di wewengkon ieu; ageman nu dominan nyaeta [[Islam]],tuluy [[Kristen]]{{Fact|date=December 2007}}.

 

=== Geograpis ===

 

Southeast Asia is geographically divided into two regions, namely [[Mainland Southeast Asia]] (or [[Indochina]]) and the [[Maritime Southeast Asia]] (or the [[Malay Archipelago]] [[Malay language|Malay]]: ''[[Nusantara]]).

* [[Myanmar]]

* [[Thailand]]

 

[[Asia Tenggara Maritim]] kaasup:

 

== Sajarah ==

 

[[Gambar:Borom That Chaiya.jpg|thumb|upright|Arsitektur dina gaya [[Sriwijaya]].]]

The peoples of Southeast Asia, especially those of [[Austronesian]] descent, have been seafarers for thousands of years, some reaching the island of [[Madagascar]]. Their vessels, such as the [[vinta]], were ocean-worthy. [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan's]] voyage records how much more manœuvrable their vessels were, as compared to the European ships.<ref name="Bergreen.L_Magellan">Laurence Bergreen, Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe, HarperCollins Publishers, 2003, hardcover 480 pages, ISBN 0-06-621173-5</ref>

 

 

Originally most people were [[animist]]. This was later replaced by Brahmanic Hinduism. [[Theravada Buddhism]] soon followed in [[525]]. In 1400s, Islamic influences began to enter. This forced the last Hindu court in Indonesia to retreat to [[Bali]].

 

 

=== Indianized kingdom ===

Very little is known about Southeast Asian religious beliefs and practices before the advent of Indian merchants and religious influences from the second century BCE onwards. Prior to the [[13th century]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were the main religions in Southeast Asia.

 

[[Cambodia]] was first influenced by Hinduism during the beginning of the [[Funan]] kingdom. Hinduism was one of the [[Khmer Empire]]'s official religions. Cambodia is the home to one of the only two temples dedicated to [[Brahma]] in the world. [[Angkor Wat]] is also a famous Hindu temple of Cambodia.

 

 

 

=== Perdagangan Cina ===

Chinese merchants have traded with the region for a long time as evidence of Magellan's voyage records that [[Brunei]] possessed more [[cannon]] than the European ships so it appears that the Chinese fortified them.<ref name="Bergreen.L_Magellan"/>

 

 

The strategic value of the [[Strait of Malacca]], which was controlled by [[Sultanate of Malacca]] in the 15th and early 16th century, did not go unnoticed by [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] writer [[Duarte Barbosa]], who in 1500 wrote ''"He who is lord of Malacca has his hand on the throat of [[Venice]]".''

[[Gambar:Ha Long Bay with boats.JPG|thumbnail|[[Halong Bay|Hạ Long Bay]], a Natural World's Heritage Site in [[Vietnam]]]]

{{See also|Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)|List of Southeast Asian mountains}}

 

=== Sabudeureun ===

[[Gambar:Wallace's line.jpg|thumb|right|Wallace's hypothetical line between Australasian and Southeast Asian fauna.]]

 

 

The [[Water Buffalo]], both domesticated and wild, can be found all over Southeast Asia, where once it was found in much greater extent in South Asia, for example. The [[mouse deer]], a small tusked deer as large as a toy dog or cat, can be found on Sumatra, Borneo and Palawan Islands. The [[gaur]], a gigantic wild ox larger than even wild Water buffalo, is found mainly in Indochina and Malaysia.

 

== Demograpi ==

 

=== Golongan seler ===

{{See also|urang Austronesia|kelompok etnik Cina|urang Erasia (mixed ancestry)|urang Filipina|Malayu (kelompok etnik)|Negrito|urang Tai|urang Amerika Asia Tenggara}}

 

 

There are also large pockets of intermarriage between indigenous Southeast Asians and those of Chinese descent. They form a substantial part of everyday life in countries such as [[Thailand]] and the [[Philippines]]. Indonesia and Malaysia also has a few mixed Southeast Asian-Chinese populations.

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As a rule, the peoples who ate with their fingers were more likely influenced by the culture of India, for example, than the culture of China, where the peoples first ate with [[chopstick]]s; [[tea]], as a beverage, can be found across the region. The [[fish sauce]]s distinctive to the region tend to vary.

[[Gambar:Mục đồng thổi sáo.JPG|thumbnail|upright|"Buffalo boy plays a flute", [[Dong Ho Painting|Đông Hồ painting]], [[Vietnam]].]]

 

 

 

In Vietnam, the Vietnamese share many cultural similarities with the Chinese.

 

==== Tulisan ====

[[Gambar:101 1048.jpg|thumb|right|Balinese writing on palm leaf. Artifacts can be seen in the [[Field Museum]], [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]].]]

 

The history of Southeast Asia has led to a wealth of different authors, from both within and without writing about the region.

 

 

The antiquity of this form of writing extends before the invention of paper circa [[100]], in [[China]]. Note each palm leaf section was only several lines, written longitudinally across the leaf, and bound by twine to the other sections. The outer portion was decorated. The alphabets of Southeast Asia tended to be [[abugida]]s, until the arrival of the Europeans, who used words that also ended in consonants, not just vowels. Other forms of official documents, which did not use paper, included Javanese copperplate scrolls. This would have been more durable in the tropical climate of Southeast Asia.