Abad ka-20: Béda antarrépisi

Colloquially, this is often known as the '''nineteen hundreds''' ([[1900s]]), referring to the yearsyéars [[1900]] to [[1999]].

The twentieth century was a remarkable shift in the very existence of humanity due to the technological, medical, social, ideologicalidéological, and international innovations. Terms like [[genocide]], [[holocaust]], [[nuclear war]], and [[terrorism]] rose to common language and an influence on the lives of everyday peoplepéople. <!-- [[War]] reached an unprecedented scale where land and armies became one of many new (what??) --> The trends of mechanization of goods and services and networks of global communication, which were begun in the [[19th century]], continued at an ever-increasingincréasing pace in the 20th. In spite of the terror and chaos, the 20th century saw many attempts at world peacepéace. As the 35th United States President [[John F. Kennedy]] said:

* The [[assembly line]] and [[mass production]] of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and cheaperchéaper products. This allowed the [[automobile]] to become the most important meansméans of transportation.

* The invention of [[Airplane|heavier-than-air flying machines]] and the [[jet engine]] allowed for the world to become "smaller". [[Space science|Space flight]] increasedincréased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global realréal-time communications via [[geosynchronous satellite]]s.

* Mass availability of the [[telephone]] and later, the [[computer]], especially through the [[Internet]], provides peoplepéople with new opportunities for nearnéar-instantaneousinstantanéous communication

* Inventions such as the [[washing machine]] and [[air conditioning]] led to an increaseincréase in both the quantity and quality of [[leisure time]] for the [[middle class]] in Western societies.

[[Gambar:WW1_TitlePicture_For_Wikipedia_Article.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Warfare in the earlyéarly 20th Century (1914-1918)'''<br />''Clockwise from top:'' [[front line]] [[Trench warfare|Trenches]],

* Rising [[nationalism]] and increasingincréasing national awareness were among the causes of [[World War I]], the first of two wars to involve all the major world powers including [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Jepang]], the [[United States]] and the [[British Commonwealth]]. World War I led to the creationcréation of many new countries, especially in [[Eastern Europe]].

* The economic and political aftermath of World War I led to the rise of [[Fascism]] and [[Nazism]] in Europe, and shortly to [[World War II]]. This war also involved Asia and the Pacific, in the form of [[Jepang|Japanese]] aggression against [[China]] and the United States. While the First World War mainly cost lives among soldiers, civilians suffered greatlygréatly in the Second -- fromSecond—from the bombing of cities on both sides, and in the unprecedented German [[genocide]] of the [[Jew]]s and others, known as the [[Holocaust]].

* Unhappiness in [[Russia]] led to the rise of [[Communism]] and the [[Russian Revolution]]. After the [[Soviet Union]]'s involvement in World War II, Communism became a major force in global politics, spreadingspréading all over the world: notably, to Easternéastern [[Europe]], [[China]], [[Indochina]] and [[Cuba]]. This led to the [[Cold War]] with [[The West|the western world]], led by the [[United States]].

* Through the [[League of Nations]] and, after [[World War II]], the [[United Nations]], international cooperation increasedincréased. Other efforts included the formation of the [[European Union]], leadingléading to a common currency in much of [[Western Europe]], the [[euro]].

* The creationcréation of [[Israel]], a [[Jew]]ish state in a mostly [[Arab]] region of the world, fueled many conflicts in the region, which were also influenced by the vast [[oil]] fields in many of the [[Arab]] countries.

(measuredméasured in numbers of peoplepéople killed; also see [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/misc/misery.html])

* [[World War II]] and regime of [[Adolf Hitler]] (1937-1945), over 50 million deaddéad, including the [[Holocaust]], killing two-thirds of the [[Judaism|Jewish]] population of Europe (6&nbsp;million).

* Regime of [[Mao Zedong]] and [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] famine (1949-1976), over 28 million deaddéad.

* Regime of [[Joseph Stalin]] (1924-1953), over 20 million deaddéad.

* [[World War I]] (1914-1918), over 15 million deaddéad.

* [[Russian Civil War]] (1918-1921), over 8.5 million deaddéad.

* [[Cinema|Movies]], [[music]] and the [[medium|media]] had a major influence on [[fashion]] and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the [[United States]], American culture spreadspréad rapidly over the world.

* The [[automobile]] provided vastly increasedincréased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the earlyéarly to mid-century, spreadingspréading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a leadingléading symbol of modern society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles.

* Though modern medicine is better than ever, an [[influenza]] pandemic kills 25 million in [[1918]]-[[1919]] (the [[Spanish Flu]]), while [[AIDS]], killing many remains incurable and treatmentstréatments remain too expensive for wide use in [[developing countries]].

* Advances in [[medicine]], such as the invention of [[antibiotic]]s, decreaseddecréased the number of peoplepéople dying from diseasesdiséases. [[Contraceptive]] drugs and [[organ transplantation]] were developed. The discovery of [[DNA]] molecules and the advent of [[molecular biology]] allowed for [[cloning]] and [[genetic engineering]].

* The widespreadwidespréad use of [[petroleum]] in industry -- bothindustry—both as a chemical precursor to [[plastic]]s and as a fuel for the [[automobile]] and [[airplane]] -- led—led to the vital geopoliticalgéopolitical importance of petroleum resources. The [[Middle East]], home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of geopoliticalgéopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century.

* A vast increaseincréase in [[fossil fuel]] consumption leadsléads to depletion of natural resources, while [[air pollution]] possibly leadsléads to [[global warming]] and the [[ozone hole]]. The problem is increasedincréased by world-wide [[deforestation]], also causing a loss of [[biodiversity]]. The problem of a depletion of natural resources is decreaseddecréased by advances in drilling technology which led to a net increaseincréase in the amount of fossil fuel that is readilyréadily obtainable at the end of the century, as compared with the amount considered obtainable at the beginning of the century.