Béijing: Béda antarrépisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Removing Link FA template as it is now available in wikidata |
m Ngarapihkeun éjahan, replaced: oge → ogé (2), nyaeta → nyaéta (6), rubah → robah, make → maké (2), rea → réa (3), yen → yén (4), dipake → dipaké , ea → éa (8), kabeh → kabéh (2), pre using AWB |
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|'''Abbreviation''': || 京 ''Jīng''
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| || approx. 7.5 million <small>Urban
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|[[Population density|'''Density''']] ([[2004]]): || 888/km² ([[List of China administrative regions by population density|2nd]]) <small> Municipality</small>
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| '''City [[flower]]s''': || [[Chrysanthemum]] <br />(''Chrysanthemum morifolium'') <br />[[rose|Chinese rose]] <br /> (''Rosa chinensis'')
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|td valign="top" | [[Geographic coordinate system|'''Coordinates''']]: || {{coor dms|39|54|20|N|116|23|29|E|}}
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|'''[[License Plate (China)|License plate prefixes]]''' : || 京A, C, E, F, H, J <br />京B (taxis)<br />京G (outside urban
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|'''[[ISO 3166-2]]''': || cn-11
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!colspan="2" bgcolor="DDDDDD" | Government
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|'''[[Communist Party of China|CPC]] Beijing<br /> Committee Secretary:''' || [[Liu Qi]]
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|'''[[Political divisions of China#County level|County-level divisions]]''':|| 18
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|'''[[Political divisions of China#Township level|Township-level divisions]]''':|| 273
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'''Beijing''' <small><nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Média:Beijing pronounced in English way.ogg|Ucapan Basa Inggris]]<nowiki>]</nowiki></small> ([[Chinese language|Basa Cina]]: 北京 <small><nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Média:Zh-Beijing.ogg|Chinese Pronunciation]]<nowiki>]</nowiki></small>; [[Pinyin]]: Běijīng; [[IPA]]: {{IPA|pei˨˩˦ tɕɪŋ˥˥}}), kota di kalereun [[China]],
Beijing kota kadua panggedene dumasar kana [[population|jumlah pendudukna]] di Cina, sanggeus [[Shanghai]]. Beijing tempat sarana transportasi utama, sababaraha puluh jalan kareta, jalan raya sarta jalan tol kaluar jeung asup ti sagala arah. Beijing
Beijing is salah sahiji [[Historical capitals of China|Opat Ibukota Kota Cina Baheula]] tur bakal jadi tempat [[2008 Summer Olympics|Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008]].
== Ngaran ==
Beijing (北京) sacara literatur "ibukota beulah kaler", sajajar sacara tradisi [[East Asia|Asia Wetan]] nu ibukotana digambarkan dina ngaranna. Kota sejen nu ampir sarua
'''Peking''' ngaran kota dina romanisasi [[Postal System Pinyin|Sistim Pos Pinyin]], sarta sacara tradisional ngaran keur Beijing dina Basa Inggris. Watesan aslina ku misionaris Perancis opat ratus taun nu kaliwat, pakait jeung cara ngucapkeun
Di [[Cina]], kota ngabogaan [[Geographical renaming|loba ngaran]]. Antara taun 1928 [http://www.bartleby.com/67/2470.html] jeung 1949, disebutna '''Beiping''' (北平; [[Pinyin]]: Beiping; [[Wade-Giles]]: Pei-p'ing), hartina "Damey Bagean Kaler". Ngaranna robah — ku ngaleungitkeun unsur hartina "ibukota" (''jing'' or ''king'', 京) — nu ngagambarkeun kanyataan, ku pamarentahan [[Kuomintang]] nu nangtukeun ibukota di [[Nanking]] (pinyin: Nanjing), Peking teu lana jadi ibukota Cina, sarta pamarentahan "warlord" di Peking teu diaku.
[[Communist Party of China|Partey Komunis Cina]] malikeun deui kana ngaran Beijing (Peking) dina taun 1949 sarta mutuskeun
'''Yanjing''' (燕京; [[Pinyin]]: Yānjīng; [[Wade-Giles]]: Yen-ching) ngaran teu resmi sejen keur Beijing, hiji rujukan baheula dina [[State of Yan]]
(''Bagean sajarah di handap ngeunaan sajarah sejen ngaran Beijing.'')
== Sajarah ==
Geus aya kota sabudeureun Beijing dina [[1st millennium BC|milenium kahiji SM]], sarta ibukota [[State of Yan]], salah sahiji kakuatan dina [[Warring States Period|Periode Perang Nagara]], geus nangtukeun
Salila dinasti [[Sui Dynasty|Sui]] (581-618) jeung [[Tang Dynasty|Tang]] (618-907), ngan
Dina taun 936, [[Later Jin Dynasty (Five Dynasties)|Dinasti Jin Panungtung]] (936-947) Cina beulah kaler
[[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] ngancurkeun Zhongdu dina taun 1215 tur ngawangun deui beulah kaler ibukota Jin dina taun 1267. Dina raraga ngawasa
Sanggeus [[Dinasti Yuan]] runtuh dina taun 1368, ieu kota diwangun deui ku [[Dinasti Ming]] tur dingaranan '''Shuntian''' (順天). Dina 1403, [[Emperor of China|Kaisar]] Ming Katilu, [[Yongle Emperor|Yongle]] mindahkeun ibukota Ming ti [[Nanjing]] (Nanking) tu ngarananan '''Beijing''' ('''Peking''') (北京), "ibukota kaler", nu ayana di kaler. Kaisar Yongle
Beijing jadi kota panggedena di dunya ti taun 1425 nepi ka taun 1650 tur ti taun 1710 nepi ka taun 1825 [http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm].
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Sanggeus [[Manchu]] ngagulingkuen [[Dinasti Ming]] tur ngawangun [[Dinasti Qing]] di ieu tempat, Beijing ditangteukun jadi ibu kota Cina salila periode Qing. Beijing jadi benteng pertahanan luar salila [[Boxer Rebellion|Pemberontakan Boxer]] dina taun 1900.
[[Revolusi Xinhai]] taun 1911, hayang
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Yuan gradually consolidated power, culminating in his declaration of a Chinese Empire in late 1915 with himself as emperor. The move was highly unpopular, and Yuan himself died less than a year later, ending his brief reign. China then fell under the control of regional warlords, and the most powerful factions fought frequent wars (the [[Zhili-Anhui War]], the [[First Zhili-Fengtian War]], and the [[Second Zhili-Fengtian War]]) to take control of the capital at Beijing.
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=== Kota-kota ===
Kota-kota nu kaasup kana Kotamadya Beijing tapi saluareun daerah urban
* [[Changping]] 昌平
* [[Huairou]] 怀柔
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=== Bagean administrasi ===
Kotamadya Beijing ayeuna kabagi kana 18 sub-
Daerah urban jeung suburban kota dibagi kana dalapan distrik:
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!District
!Population (2000 census)
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!Density (per km²)
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Over 95% of Beijing's residents belong to the [[Han Chinese]] majority. Smaller populations consisting of members of the [[Manchu]], [[Hui people|Hui]], and [[Mongol]] [[Ethnic groups of China|ethnic groups]] also call the city home. In recent years there has been an influx of [[South Korea]]n expatriates, who live in Beijing predominantly for business and study, and are concentrated in the [[Wangjing]] and [[Wudaokou]] areas. A Tibetan [[high school]] exists for youth of Tibetan ancestry, nearly all of whom have come to Beijing from [[Tibet]] expressly for their studies.
A sizable international or expatriate community exists in Beijing, mostly attracted by the highly growing foreign business and trade sector, and many members live in the Beijing urban area's densely populated northern, northeastern and eastern sections. The southwest and southern parts of the Beijing urban area are less densely populated.
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[[Teahouse]]s are also common in Beijing. Chinese [[tea]] comes in many varieties and some rather expensive types of Chinese tea are said to cure an ailing body extraordinarily well.
The [[Jingtailan]] is a [[cloisonné]] metalworking technique and tradition originating from Beijing, and one of the most revered traditional crafts in China. [[Beijing lacquerware]] is well known for the patterns and images carved into its surface.
The [[Fuling Jiabing]] is a traditional Beijing snack food, a pancake (''bing'') resembling a flat disk with filling, made from ''fu ling'' (''[[Poria cocos]] (Schw.) Wolf'', or "tuckahoe"), an ingredient common in traditional [[Chinese medicine]].
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*[[Immaculate Conception Cathedral]]
*[[Holy Saviour Church]]
*[[Niujie Mosque]]
====Parks and gardens====
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*The [[Ming Dynasty Tombs]] ([[World Heritage Site]])
*[[Peking Man]] Site at [[Zhoukoudian]] ([[World Heritage Site]])
*[[Shidu]]
===Hotels and lodging===
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:''Main article: [[Colleges and Universities of Beijing]]''
Beijing is home to a great number of colleges and universities, including several well-regarded universities of international stature, especially including China's two most prestigious institutions, [[Peking University]] ("Beida") and [[Tsinghua University]]. Other well known institutions, domestically and internationally, include [[Beijing Normal University]] and [[Renmin University of China]].
Owing to Beijing's status as the political and cultural capital of China, a larger proportion of tertiary-level institutions are concreated here than probably any other city in China, reaching at least 59 in number. Many international students from [[Japan]], [[Korea]], [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Southeast Asia]], and elsewhere come to Beijing to study every year, a growing trend, especially among Western students. The institutions listed here are administered by China's [[Ministry of Education]].
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==Books==
*[http://www.lulu.com/content/249070 ''The Diaries of Sir Ernest Satow, British Envoy in Peking (1900-06)''] edited by Ian Ruxton in two volumes, Lulu Press Inc., April 2006 ISBN 1-4116-8804-X (Volume One); ISBN 1-4116-8805-8 (Volume Two)
*[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/097733340X ''Insider's Guide to Beijing''], guide book about present day Beijing with Beijing-citizen editors and in-scene insiders reporting about Beijing's numerous faces (e.g. Jon Campbell about rock scene in China). Publisher: Shantou University Press; 1st Edition edition (September 15, 2004), ISBN 0-9773334-0-X
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