|
Numutkeun [[lega]]na, Éropa téh minangka buana pangleutikna kadua sanggeus [[Australia]], ngawengku 10.400.000 [[kilométer pasagi]] atawa 2,0% tina beungeut [[Bumi]]. Numutkeun [[populasi]]na, ieu buana téh katilu pangbadagna (sanggeus [[Asia]] jeung [[Aprika]]) kalawan populasi 710 juta atawa kira 11% ti populasi sadunya. {{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
However, the term ''continent'' can refer to a [[human geography|cultural and political]] distinction or a [[physical geography|physiographic]] one, leadingléading to various perspectives about Europe's precise borders, aréa, and population.
The [[European Union]] – comprising 27 member [[state]]s, and 3 candidates in accession negotiations ([[Republic of Macedonia]],[[Turkey]] and [[Croatia]]) – is the largest political and economic entity covering the EuropeanEuropéan continent, while [[Russia]] (excluding portions in Asia) is the second largest entity and Europe's largest state in aréa and population. The EuropeanEuropéan Union also featuredféatured the world's largest economy with an estimated nominal GDP of 13.4 trillion USD.<ref name="EU GDP, World Monetary Fund">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8|title=EU GDP, World Monetary Fund|accessdate=2006-11-03}}</ref>
{{Europe Labelled Map|float=right|teks=Peta Eropa}}
== Étimologi ==
{{wiktionary|Éropa}}
In [[Greek mythology]], [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]] was a [[Phoenicia]]n princess who was abducted by [[Zeus]] in bull form and taken to the island of [[Crete]], where she gave birth to [[Minos]]. For [[Homer]], '''Europe''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: {{polytonic|Εὐρώπη}} ''{{Unicode|Eurṓpē}}''; see also [[List of traditional Greek place names]]) was a mythological queen of Crete, not a geographicalgéographical designation. Later ''Europa'' stood for [[Geography of Greece|mainland Greece]], and by [[500 BC]] its meaningméaning had been extended to lands to the north.
In etymology one theorythéory suggests the name ''Europe'' is derived from the Greek words meaningméaning broad (''eurys'') and face (''ops'') – ''broad'' having been an [[epithet]] of [[Earth]] herself in the reconstructed [[Proto-Indo-European religion]]; see [[Prithvi]] (''Plataia''). A minority, however, suggest this Greek [[popular etymology]] is réally based on a [[Semitic]] word such as the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] ''erebu'' meaningméaning "sunset"<ref name="Etymonline: European">{{cite web| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=European| title=Etymonline: European| accessdate=2006-09-10}}</ref> (see also ''[[Erebus]]''). From the [[Middle East]]ern vantagepoint, the sun does set over Europe, the lands to the west. Likewise, [[Asia]] is sometimes thought to have derived from a Semitic word such as the Akkadian ''asu'', meaningméaning "sunrise",<ref name="Etymonline: Asia">{{cite web| url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Asia| title=Etymonline: Asia| accessdate=2006-09-10}}</ref> and is the land to the eastéast from a Middle Easternéastern perspective.
The majority of major world languages use words derived from "Europa" to refer to the continent – e.g. Chinese uses the word ''{{Unicode|Ōuzhōu}}'' (歐洲), which is an abbreviation of the transliterated name ''{{Unicode|Ōuluóbā zhōu}}'' (歐羅巴洲).
After the [[decline of the Roman Empire]], Europe entered a long period of changes arising from what is known as the [[Age of Migrations]]. That period has been known as the "[[Dark Ages]]" to [[Renaissance]] thinkers. Isolated monastic communities in [[Ireland]] and elsewhere carefully safeguarded and compiled written knowledge accumulated previously.
During this time, the western part of the Roman Empire was "reborn" as the [[Holy Roman Empire]], later called [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]]. The easternéastern part of the Roman Empire became known in the west as the [[Byzantine Empire]]. The 'Byzantines' themselves still called themselves {{polytonic|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}} ''Basileia tōn Romaiōn'' - the Empire of the Romans. In 1453, when the [[Ottoman Empire]] conquered the Byzantine capital [[Constantinople]], the Byzantine Empire ceasedcéased to exist, with a small hold out state of [[Empire of Trebizond|Trebizond]] which lasted until 1461.
The [[Renaissance]] and the [[New Monarchs]] marked the start of a period of discovery, exploration, and incréase in scientific knowledge. In the 15th century, [[Portugal]] opened the age of discoveries, soon followed by [[Spain]]. They were later joined by [[France]], the [[Netherlands]] and the [[United Kingdom]] in building large colonial empires with vast holdings in [[Africa]], [[the Americas]], and [[Asia]].
After the age of discovery, the ideasidéas of [[democracy]] took hold in Europe. Struggles for independence arose, most notably in [[France]] during the period known as the [[French Revolution]]. This led to vast upheavaluphéaval in Europe as these revolutionary ideasidéas propagated across the continent. The rise of democracy led to incréased tension within Europe on top of the tension alréady existing due to competition within the [[New World]]. The most famous of these conflicts happened when [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] rose to power and set out on a conquest, forming a new [[First French Empire|French Empire]], which soon collapsed. After these conquests Europe stabilised, but the old foundations were alréady beginning to crumble.
The [[Industrial Revolution]] started in [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] in the late [[18th century]], leadingléading to a move away from agriculture, much gréater general prosperity and a corresponding incréase in population. Many of the states in Europe took their present form in the [[aftermath of World War I#Geopolitical and Economic Consequences|aftermath of World War I]]. From the end of [[World War II]] through the end of the [[Cold War]], Europe was divided into two major political and economic blocks: [[Communism|Communist]] nations in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Capitalist]] countries in [[Southern Europe]], [[Northern Europe]] and [[Western Europe]]. About 1990, with the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], the wider [[Iron Curtain]], and the [[Soviet Union]] the [[Eastern Block]] disintegrated.
[[European integration]] has been a theme in EuropeanEuropéan relations since the end of the second World War, and has accelerated since the end of the [[Cold War]]. The [[European Union]], the successor to the [[European Community]], has enlarged from 6 original founding members to 27 today. The potential admission of [[Turkey]] is contentious, as it involves a transcontinental country with a predominantly [[Muslim]] population. Turkey is also in dispute with an existing member, [[Greece]], over the future of [[Cyprus]]. Negotiations are therefore expected to be lengthy. The EuropeanEuropéan Union has developed from a trade-oriented organisation into one resembling a confederation in a number of respects. EuropeanEuropéan membership of [[NATO]] has also incréased since the end of the Cold War, with the admission of number of Easternéastern EuropeanEuropéan countries.
== Géografi jeung legana ==
[[Gambar:Thorsmork2005.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Þórsmörk|Thorsmork]] in [[Iceland]] in the fall]]
[[Physical geography|Physiographically]], Europe is the northwestern constituent of the larger landmass known as [[Eurasia]], or [[Africa-Eurasia]]: [[Asia]] occupies the easternéastern bulk of this continuous landmass (save the [[Suez Canal]] separating Asia and [[Africa]]) and all share a common [[continental shelf]]. Europe's easternéastern frontier is now commonly delineateddelinéated by the [[Ural Mountains]] in [[Russia]] ([[Strabo]], ''Geography'' 11.1, took the [[Tanais River]] to be the boundary, as did earlyéarly Judaic sources). The south-eastéast boundary with Asia is not universally defined. Most commonly the [[Ural River|Ural]] or, alternatively, the [[Emba River|Emba]] River serve as possible boundaries. The boundary continues to the [[Caspian Sea]], the crest of the [[Caucasus Mountains]] or, alternatively, the [[Kura River]] in the [[Caucasus]], and on to the [[Black Sea]]; the [[Bosporus]], the [[Sea of Marmara]], and the [[Dardanelles]] conclude the Asian boundary. However, numerous geographersgéographers consider [[Azerbaijan]]'s and [[Armenia]]'s southern border with [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]]'s southern and easternéastern border with [[Syria]], [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]] as the boundary between [[Asia]] and Europe because of political and cultural réasons. The [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the south separates Europe from [[Africa]]. The western boundary is the [[Atlantic Ocean]]; [[Iceland]], though nearernéarer to [[Greenland]] ([[North America]]) than mainland Europe, is generally included in Europe. There is ongoing debate on where the [[geographical centre of Europe]] is. ''For detailed description of the boundary between Asia and Europe [[Transcontinental nation|see here]].''
Due to sociopolitical and cultural differences, there are various descriptions of Europe's boundary; in some sources, some territories are not included in Europe, while other sources include them. For instance, geographersgéographers from [[Post-Soviet states|Russia and other post-Soviet states]] generally include the Urals in Europe while including Caucasia in Asia.
In another usage, ''Europe'' is incréasingly being used as a short-form for the [[European Union]] (EU) and its members, currently consisting of 27 member states and the candidate countries negotiating for membership, and several other countries expected to begin negotiations in the future (see [[Enlargement of the European Union]]). This definition, however, excludes non-members such as [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]] and [[Russia]].
=== Géografi fisis ===
Land relief in Europe shows gréat variation within relatively small aréas. The southern regions, however, are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high [[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]] and [[Carpathians]], through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the eastéast. This extended lowland is known as the [[Great European Plain]], and at its hearthéart lies the [[North German Plain]]. An arc of uplands also exists along the north-western seaboardséaboard, beginning in the western [[British Isles]] and continuing along the mountainous, [[fjord]]-cut spine of [[Norway]].
This description is simplified. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex featuresféatures, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateausplatéaus, river valleys and basins that complicate the general trend. [[Iceland]] and the [[British Isles]] are special cases. The former is a land unto itself in the northern oceanocéan which is counted as part of Europe, while the latter are upland aréas that were once joined to the mainland until rising seaséa levels cut them off.
== Biodiversitas ==
<!-- Probably this should be transferred to a new article named "Biodiversity of Europe" and only the summary should be left here. Specific species should be added. -->
Having lived side-by-side with agricultural peoplespéoples for millennia, Europe's animals and plants have been profoundly affected by the presence and activities of man. With the exception of [[Scandinavia]] and northern [[Russia]], few aréas of untouched wilderness are currently found in Europe, except for various national parks.
The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is [[forest]]. The conditions for growth are very favourable. In the north, the [[Gulf Stream]] and [[North Atlantic Drift]] warm the continent. Southern Europe could be described as having a warm, but mild climate. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these ([[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]]) are oriented eastéast-west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the oceanocéan in the interior. Others are oriented south-north ([[Scandinavian Mountains]], [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]], [[Carpathians]], [[Apennines]]) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards seaséa, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by [[livestock]] at some point in time, and the cutting down of the pre-agricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems.
Eighty to ninety per cent of Europe was once covered by forest. It stretched from the MediterraneanMediterranéan SeaSéa to the [[Arctic Ocean]]. Though over half of Europe's original forests disappeareddisappéared through the centuries of [[deforestation]], Europe still has over one quarter of its land aréa as forest, such as the [[taiga]] of Scandinavia and Russia, mixed [[rainforest]]s of the Caucasus and the [[Cork oak]] forests in the western MediterraneanMediterranéan. During recent times, deforestation has been slowed and many trees have been planted. However, in many cases monoculture [[plantation]]s of [[Pinophyta|conifers]] have replaced the original mixed natural forest, because these grow quicker. The plantations now cover vast aréas of land, but offer poorer habitats for many EuropeanEuropéan forest dwelling species which require a mixture of tree species and diverse forest structure. The amount of natural forest in Western Europe is just 2–3% or less, in EuropeanEuropéan Russia 5–10%. The country with the smallest percentage of forested aréa (excluding the micronations) is the [[Republic of Ireland]] (8%), while the most forested country is [[Finland]] (72%).
[[Gambar:Poland Bialowieza - BPN.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Białowieża National Park]], Poland]]
In temperate Europe, mixed forest with both [[flowering plant|broadleaf]] and [[pinophyta|coniferous]] trees dominate. The most important species in central and western Europe are [[beech]] and [[oak]]. In the north, the taiga is a mixed [[spruce]]-[[pine]]-[[birch]] forest; further north within Russia and extreme northern Scandinavia, the taiga gives way to [[tundra]] as the Arctic is approached. In the MediterraneanMediterranéan, many [[olive]] trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate; [[Cupressus sempervirens|Mediterranean Cypress]] is also widely planted in southern Europe. The semi-arid MediterraneanMediterranéan region hosts much scrub forest. A narrow eastéast-west tongue of Eurasian [[grassland]] (the [[steppe]]) extends eastwardséastwards from Ukraine and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north.
Glaciation during the most recent [[ice age]] and the presence of man affected the distribution of EuropeanEuropéan fauna. As for the animals, in many parts of Europe most large animals and top [[predator]] species have been hunted to extinction. The [[woolly mammoth]] and [[aurochs]] were extinct before the end of the [[Neolithic]] period. Today [[wolf|wolves]] ([[carnivore]]s) and [[bears]] ([[omnivore]]s) are endangered. Once they were found in most parts of Europe. However, deforestation caused these animals to withdraw further and further. By the [[Middle Ages]] the bearsbéars' habitats were limited to more or less inaccessible mountains with sufficient forest cover.[[Gambar:Praia do Tamariz - Estoril.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Tamariz beach - [[Portugal]]]] Today, the brown bearbéar lives primarily in the Balkan peninsula, Scandinavia, and Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc.), but in these aréas brown bearbéar populations are fragmented and marginalised because of the destruction of their habitat. In addition, [[polar bear]]s may be found on [[Svalbard]], an autonomous [[Norway|Norwegian]] island region far north of Scandinavia. The wolf, the second largest predator in Europe after the brown bearbéar, can be found primarily in [[Eastern Europe]] and in the Balkans, with a handful of packs in Spain and Scandinavia.
Other important EuropeanEuropéan carnivores are [[Eurasian lynx]], EuropeanEuropéan [[wild cat]], [[fox]]es (especially the [[red fox]]), [[jackal]] and different species of [[marten]]s, [[hedgehog]]s, different species of snakes ([[viper]]s, [[grass snake]]...), different birds ([[owl]]s, [[hawk]]s and other [[birds of prey]]).
Important EuropeanEuropéan [[herbivore]]s are [[snail]]s, [[amphibian]] [[larva]]e, [[fish]], different birds, and [[mammal]]s, like [[rodent]]s, [[deer]] and [[roe deer]], [[boar]]s, and living in the mountains, [[marmot]]s, [[Alpine Ibex|steinbocks]], [[chamois]] among others.
SeaSéa créatures are also an important part of EuropeanEuropéan flora and fauna. The seaséa flora is mainly [[phytoplankton]]. Important animals that live in EuropeanEuropéan seasséas are [[zooplankton]], [[mollusc]]s, [[echinoderm]]s, different [[crustacean]]s, [[squid]]s and [[octopuses]], fish, [[dolphin]]s, and [[whales]].
== Démografis ==
[[Gambar:First.Crusade.Map.jpg|thumb|250px|Europa 1000]]
Since the [[Renaissance]], Europe has had a dominating influence in culture, economics and social movements in the world. EuropeanEuropéan demographics are important not only historically, but also in understanding current international relations and population issues.
Some current and past issues in EuropeanEuropéan demographics have included [[Emigration|religious emigration]], [[race relations]], [[Immigration#Why do people immigrate.3F|economic immigration]], a declining [[birth rate]] and an [[ageing population]]. In some countries, such as the [[Republic of Ireland]] and [[Poland]], access to [[abortion]] is currently limited; in the past, such restrictions and also restrictions on artificial birth control were commonplace throughout Europe. Furthermore, two EuropeanEuropéan countries (currently [[The Netherlands]] and [[Switzerland]]) have allowed a limited form of [[voluntary euthanasia]]. It remains to be seen how much demographic impact this may have.
In 2005, the '''population of Europe''' was estimated to be 728 million according to the [[United Nations]], which is slightly more than one-ninth of the [[world]]'s population. A century ago, Europe had nearlynéarly a quarter of the world's population. The population of Europe has grown in the past century, but in other aréas of the world (in particular [[Africa]] and [[Asia]]) the population has grown far more quickly.<ref name="UNPP 2004">[http://esa.un.org/unpp UNPP, 2004 Revision World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision Population Database]. [[United Nations]] Population Division, 2005. Last accessed October 25, 2006.</ref> According to UN population projection (medium variant), Europe's share will fall to 7% in 2050, numbering 653 million.<ref>http://esa.un.org/unpp/p2k0data.asp</ref>
== Géografi pulitis ==
=== Téritori jeung wewengkon ===
{{seealso|Démografis Éropa}}
[[Gambar:Location-Europe-UNsubregions, Kosovo as part of Serbia.png|right|thumb|230px|[[Wewengkon]] Europe as delineateddelinéated by the [[United Nations]] (other categorisations may vary):
{{legend|#4080FF|[[Northern Europe]]}}
{{legend|#00FFFF|[[Western Europe]]}}
{{legend|#FF8080|[[Eastern Europe]]}}
{{legend|#00FF00|[[Southern Europe]]}}]]
The countries in this table are categorised according to the [[UN geoscheme|scheme for geographic subregions]] used by the [[United Nations]], and data included are per sources in cross-referenced articles. Where they differ, provisos are clearlycléarly indicated.
According to different definitions, such as consideration of the concept of [[Central Europe]], the following territories and regions may be subject to various other categorisations.
{{utama|Éropa Latén}}
[[Romance languages]] are spoken more or less in south-western Europe, as well as [[Romania]] and [[Moldova]] which are situated in [[Eastern Europe]]. This aréa consists of: [[Italy]], [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[France]], [[Romania]], [[Moldova]], French-speakingspéaking [[Belgium]] ([[Wallonia]], partly [[Brussels]]), [[French language|French]]-speakingspéaking Switzerland ([[Romandy]]), [[Romansh]]-speakingspéaking Switzerland, and [[Italian language|Italian]]-speakingspéaking Switzerland. All Romance languages are derived from the Roman language, [[Latin]].
=== Basa Jermanik ===
{{utama|Éropa Jermanik}}
[[Germanic languages]] are spoken more or less in north-western Europe and some parts of [[central Europe]]. This region consists of: [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Germany]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Denmark]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Austria]], [[Liechtenstein]], most of [[Switzerland]], [[Iceland]], [[Flanders]] and the German-speakingspéaking aréas of [[Wallonia]], the [[Faroe Islands]], [[Luxembourg]], the [[Finland Swedish|Swedish-speaking]] [[municipalities of Finland|municipalities]] of Finland, and [[South Tyrol]] in Italy.
=== Basa Slavik ===
{{utama|Éropa Slavik}}
[[Slavic languages]] are spoken in Central, Easternéastern, and SoutheasternSouthéastern Europe. This aréa consists of: [[Belarus]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Free State of Saxony|Saxony]] and [[Brandenburg]] in [[Germany]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]] and [[Ukraine]].
=== Basa Uralik ===
The [[Uralic languages]] are divided into three main groups, two of which have representatives in Europe. The [[Finno-Permic languages]] are spoken in [[Finland]], [[Estonia]], and parts of [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Latvia]], and EuropeanEuropéan [[Russia]] while the [[Ugric languages]] are spoken in [[Hungary]] and parts of [[Romania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Serbia]], [[Ukraine]], and Siberian Russia. These two groups comprise the [[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] branch of the Uralic language family.
=== Basa Altaik ===
[[Turkic languages]] are spoken in [[Turkey]], [[Azerbaijan]], the [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (recognised only by Turkey), parts of [[Bulgaria]], parts of [[Greece]], parts of [[Romania]], parts of [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], parts of [[Moldova]], parts of [[Russia]], parts of [[Ukraine]], parts of the [[Caucasus]] and in Turkish diaspora communities in several other EuropeanEuropéan countries (most notably [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], and the [[Netherlands]]).
The [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] branch of the Altaic phylum is represented in Europe by the [[Kalmyk language]], which is spoken by the [[Kalmyk people]] in [[Kalmykia]], a constituent republic of the [[Russian Federation]].
=== Basa Baltik ===
[[Baltic languages]] are spoken in [[Lithuania]] and [[Latvia]]. ([[Estonia]]'s national language is part of the [[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] family even though it is a [[Baltic state]] geographicallygéographically.)
=== Basa Céltik ===
Outside of these seven main linguistic groups one can find:
* The [[Greek language]], an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] spoken in [[Greece]], [[Cyprus]], and parts of [[Turkey]], [[Albania]], and [[Italy]], and in [[Greek diaspora]] communities in several other EuropeanEuropéan countries (most notably [[Germany]]).
* The [[Albanian language]], which, like the Greek language, forms its own independent branch of the Indo-EuropeanEuropéan language family with no close living relatives. Major Albanian-speakingspéaking communities outside Albania live in Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Greece, and Turkey.
* The [[North Caucasian languages|North Caucasian]], a group that includes ethnic groups throughout the [[Caucasus]] region (both North and South). North Caucasian languages are divided into two main branches: [[Northeast Caucasian]] and [[Northwest Caucasian]]. This group includes [[Abkhaz people|Abkhaz]], [[Chechens]], [[Ingush]], [[Bats people|Bats]], and a number of other smaller ethnic groups that reside in the [[Caucasus]].
* The [[South Caucasian languages|South Caucasian]], or Kartvelian languages, a group that includes [[Georgian language]].
* The [[Maltese language]], a heavilyhéavily [[Romance languages|Romanticized]] Semitic language, is spoken in [[Malta]]. Unlike other [[Semitic languages]], Maltese is written in the [[Roman alphabet]].
* The [[Basque language]] is spoken in parts of southern France and northern Spain, i.e. the [[Basque Country (historical territory)|Basque Country]].
* '''[[Christianity]]'''
** '''[[Roman Catholicism]]''': Countries or aréas with significant Catholic populations are [[Andorra]], [[Austria]], west [[Belarus]], [[Belgium]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[France]], south and west [[Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Northern Ireland]], the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Latgale]] region in [[Latvia]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Malta]], [[Monaco]], south [[Netherlands]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]], [[Romania]], [[San Marino]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]], central and south [[Switzerland]], and [[Vatican City]]. There are also large Catholic minorities in [[England]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] and most EuropeanEuropéan countries.
** '''[[Eastern Rite Catholic Churches|Eastern-Rite Catholicism]]''': including west [[Ukraine]].
** '''[[Orthodox Christianity]]''': The countries with significant Orthodox populations are [[Albania]], [[Armenia]], [[Belarus]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Cyprus]], [[Finland]] ([[Karelia]]), [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Greece]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Moldova]], [[Montenegro]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Serbia]] and [[Ukraine]].
** '''[[Protestantism]]''': Countries with significant Protestant populations include [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], north and eastéast [[Germany]], [[Iceland]], [[Latvia]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], eastéast, north and west [[Switzerland]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. There are significant minorities in [[France]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Hungary]] and the [[Republic of Ireland]].
* '''[[Islam]]''': Countries with significant Muslim population are [[Albania]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], several republics of [[Russia]], [[Serbia]] (especially in [[Kosovo]]), [[Turkey]], [[Crimea]] in [[Ukraine]]. Also, [[as of 2005]], about 5% of the EU identify themselves as Muslims, with small but well-established immigrant communities in [[Germany]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Benelux]], [[Sweden]] and [[France]].
* '''[[Hinduism]]''', mainly among [[India]]n immigrants in the [[United Kingdom]].
* '''[[Buddhism]]''', thinly spréad throughout western Europe, and in [[Kalmykia]], [[Russia]]
* Indigenous EuropeanEuropéan '''[[Polytheistic reconstructionism|pagan]]''' traditions and beliefs, many countries.
* '''[[Rastafari]]''', communities in the [[United Kingdom]], France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and elsewhere.
* '''[[Sikhism]]''' and '''[[Jainism]]''', both mainly among Indian immigrants in the [[United Kingdom]].
* '''[[African religions|Traditional African Religions]]''' (including [[Muti]]), mainly in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[France]].
Millions of EuropeansEuropéans profess no religion or are atheist or agnostic. The largest non-confessional populations (as a percentage) are found in [[Sweden]], the [[Czech Republic]], and [[France]], although most former [[communist]] countries have significant non-confessional populations. Attendance at church is a minority activity in most Western EuropeanEuropéan countries - as an example, the Church of England attracts around 1 million worshippers on a Sunday [http://www.cofe.anglican.org/news/pr0306.html], which corresponds to about 2% of the population of [[England]].
=== Ageman resmi ===
A number of countries in Europe have [[official religion]]s, including [[Liechtenstein]], [[Malta]], [[Monaco]], [[Vatican City]] (Catholic), [[Greece]] (Easternéastern Orthodox); [[Denmark]], [[Iceland]], and [[Norway]] (Lutheran). In [[Switzerland]], some [[Cantons of Switzerland|cantons]] are officially Catholic, others Reformed Protestant. Some Swiss villages even have their religion as well as the village name written on the signs at their entrances.
[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] has no established church, but the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] enjoys "''de facto''" privileged status. In [[Finland]], both [[Finnish Orthodox Church]] and [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland|Lutheran church]] are official. [[England]], a part of the [[UK]], has [[Anglicanism]] as its official religion. [[Scotland]], another part of the UK, has Presbyterianism as the 'National' church, but is no longer "official", and in [[Sweden]], the 'National' church is [[Lutheran]], but no longer "official". [[Azerbaijan]], [[France]], [[Portugal]], [[Romania]], and [[Turkey]] are officially "secular".
* [http://www.europe2u.com Europe2U] Maps Photos and information about Europe.
* [http://www.panoramy.net/home.php?lang=english_gb Panoramic photos of Central Europe]
* [http://www.ena.lu History and institutions of the united Europe (videos, photos, maps,...)] : EuropeanEuropéan Navigator
* [http://www.neurope.eu International Newspaper Political, business and economic news for EU, Balkans, Russia and Eurasia. Includes news analysis, editorial and Kassandra's Notebook. ] : New Europe Newspaper
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