Suluh fosil: Béda antarrépisi
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Taun [[2005]], kira-kira 86% énérgi dihasilkeun tina ngaduruk suluh fosil, sedengkeun sésana disumbang ku [[hidrolistrik]] (6,3%), [[tanaga nuklir|nuklir]] (6,0%), jeung nu lianna ([[tanaga géotermal|géotermal]], [[tanaga surya|surya]], [[tanaga angin|angin]], [[suluh kai|kai]], jeung [[runtah]], 0,9%)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/iea/overview.html|title=International Energy Annual 2005|accessdate=2007-09-09}}</ref>.
Suluh fosil
Durukan suluh fosil ngahasilkeun kira 21,3 milyar [[ton]] (= 21,3 [[gigaton]]) [[karbon dioksida]] per taun, padahal prosés alam ukur bisa nyerep satengahna, sahingga jumlah karbon dioksida atmosfir nambahan 10,65 milyar ton per taunna (saton karbon atmosfir sarua jeung 44/12 atawa 3,7 ton karbon dioksida)<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html|title=US Department of Energy on greenhouse gases|accessdate=2007-09-09}}</ref>. Karbon dioksida téh
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==Origin==
According to the biogenic theory, [[petroleum]] is formed from the preserved remains of [[prehistory|prehistoric]] [[zooplankton]] and [[algae]] which have settled to the sea (or lake) bottom in large quantities under [[anoxic sea water|anoxic conditions]]. Over [[geologic time scale|geological time]], this [[organic compound|organic]] [[matter]], mixed with [[mud]], is buried under heavy layers of sediment. The resulting high levels of [[heat]] and [[pressure]] cause the organic matter to chemically change during [[diagenesis]], first into a waxy material known as [[kerogen]] which is found in various [[oil shale]]s around the world, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as [[catagenesis (geology)|catagenesis]].
[[Terrestrial plant]]s, on the other hand, tend to form [[coal]]. Many of the coal fields date to the [[carboniferous]] period.
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Combustion of fossil fuels generates sulfuric, carbonic, and [[nitric acid]]s, which fall to Earth as [[acid rain]], impacting both natural areas and the built environment. Monuments and sculptures made from [[marble]] and limestone are particularly vulnerable, as the acids dissolve [[calcium carbonate]].
Fossil fuels also contain radioactive materials, mainly [[uranium]] and [[thorium]], that are released into the atmosphere. In 2000, about 12,000 [[metric tons]] of thorium and 5,000 metric tons of uranium were released worldwide from burning coal.<ref>[http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev26-34/text/colmain.html Coal Combustion: Nuclear Resource or Danger] - Alex Gabbard</ref> It is estimated that during 1982, US coal burning released 155 times as much radioactivity into the atmosphere as the [[Three Mile Island]] incident.<ref>[http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~aubrecht/coalvsnucMarcon.pdf#page=8 Nuclear proliferation through coal burning] - Gordon J. Aubrecht, II, Ohio State University</ref> However, this radioactivity from coal burning is minuscule at each source and has not shown to have any adverse effect on human physiology.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}
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Burning coal also generates large amounts of [[bottom ash]] and [[fly ash]]. These materials are used in a wide variety of [[Fly ash#Fly ash reuse|applications]], utilizing, for example, about 40% of the US production.<ref>{{cite web | author = American Coal Ash Association | title = "CCP Production and Use Survey"| url = http://www.acaa-usa.org/PDF/2005_CCP_Production_and_Use_Figures_Released_by_ACAA.pdf}}</ref>
Harvesting, processing, and distributing fossil fuels can also create environmental concerns. [[Coal mining]] methods, particularly mountaintop removal and strip mining, have negative environmental impacts, and offshore oil drilling poses a hazard to aquatic organisms. [[Oil refinery|Oil refineries]] also have negative environmental impacts, including air and water pollution. Transportation of coal requires the use of diesel-powered locomotives, while crude oil is typically transported by tanker ships, each of which requires the combustion of additional fossil fuels.
[[Environmental regulation]] uses a variety of approaches to limit these emissions, such as command-and-control (which mandates the amount of pollution or the technology used), economic incentives, or voluntary programs.
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