Goléjra: Béda antarrépisi
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| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
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'''Goléjra''' (''Passer domesticus'')
Awak manuk goléjra panjangna
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The male House Sparrow has a grey crown, cheeks and underparts, black on the throat, upper breast and between the bill and eyes. The bill in summer is blue-black, and the legs are brown. In winter the [[feather|plumage]] is dulled by pale edgings, and the bill is yellowish brown. The female has no black on head or throat, nor a grey crown; her upperparts are streaked with brown. The juveniles are deeper brown, and the white is replaced by buff; the beak is dull yellow. The House Sparrow is often confused with the smaller and slimmer [[Tree Sparrow]], which, however, has a chestnut and not grey crown, two distinct wing bars, and a black patch on each cheek.
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The nesting site is varied; under eaves, in holes in masonry or rocks, in [[ivy]] or [[Parthenocissus|creepers]] on houses or banks, on the sea-cliffs, or in bushes in bays and inlets. When built in holes or ivy, the nest is an untidy litter of straw and rubbish, abundantly filled with feathers. Large, well-constructed domed nests are often built when the bird nests in trees or shrubs, especially rural areas.
The House Sparrow is quite aggressive in usurping the nesting sites of other birds, often forcibly evicting the previous occupants, and sometimes even building a new nest directly on top of another active nest with live nestlings. [[House Martin]]s, [[Bluebird]]s, and [[Sand Martin]]s are especially susceptible to this behavior. However, though this tendency has occasionally been observed in its native habitats (particularly concerning House Martins), it appears to be far more common in habitats in which it has been introduced, such as the U.S.
Five to six [[egg (biology)|egg]]s, profusely dusted, speckled or blotched with black, brown or ash-grey on a blue-tinted or creamy white ground, are usual types of the very variable eggs. They are variable in size and shape as well as markings. Eggs are [[Avian incubation|incubated]] by the female. The House Sparrow has the shortest incubation period of all the birds: 10-12 days and a female can lay 25 eggs a summer in New England.
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*[http://sdakotabirds.com/species/house_sparrow_info.htm South Dakota Birds - House Sparrow Information and Photos]
* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-1543:1 ''English sparrow control''] hosted by the [http://digital.library.unt.edu/browse/department/govdocs/ UNT Government Documents Department]
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[[Kategori:Passeridae]]
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[[simple:Sparrow#The House Sparrow]]
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