Muatan listrik: Béda antarrépisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
m menghapus Kategori:Panganteur fisika menggunakan HotCat |
m Ngarapihkeun éjahan, replaced: era → éra (2) |
||
Baris ka-1:
{{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
'''Muatan listrik''' nyaéta sipat dasar sababaraha [[partikel subatomik]], nu nangtukeun [[interaksi éléktromagnétik]]na. Bahan anu dibéré muatan listrik bakal kapangaruhan, jeung bakal ngahasilkeun [[médan éléktromagnétik]].
<!--
== Sawangan ==
Electric charge is a characteristic of some subatomic particles, and is quantized when expressed as a multiple of the so-called [[elementary charge]] ''e''. [[Electron]]s by convention have a charge of −1, while [[proton]]s have the opposite charge of +1. [[Quark]]s have a fractional charge of −1/3 or +2/3. The [[antiparticle]] equivalents of these have the opposite charge. There are other [[charged particle]]s.
In general, same-sign charged particles repel one another, while different-sign charged particles attract. This is expressed quantitatively in [[Coulomb's law]], which states the magnitude of the repelling force is proportional to the product of the two charges, and weakens proportionately to the square of the distance.
Baris ka-10:
The electric charge of a [[macroscopic]] object is the sum of the electric charges of its constituent particles. Often, the net electric charge is zero, since naturally the number of electrons in every [[atom]] is equal to the number of the [[protons]], so their charges cancel out. Situations in which the net charge is non-zero are often referred to as [[static electricity]]. Furthermore, even when the net charge is zero, it can be distributed non-uniformly (e.g., due to an external [[electric field]]), and then the material is said to be [[polarization (electrostatics)|polarized]], and the charge related to the polarization is known as [[bound charge]] (while the excess charge brought from outside is called ''free charge''). An ordered motion of charged particles in a particular direction (typically these are the electrons) is known as [[electric current]].
The [[SI]] unit of electric charge is the [[coulomb]], which represents approximately 6.24 × 10<sup>18</sup> [[elementary charge]]s (the charge on a single electron or proton). The coulomb is defined as the quantity of charge that has passed through the cross-section of a [[conductor (material)|conductor]] carrying one [[ampere]] within one second. The symbol ''Q'' is often used to denote a quantity of electric charge.
Electric charge can be directly measured with an [[electrometer]]. The discrete nature of electric charge was demonstrated by [[Robert Millikan]] in his [[oil-drop experiment]].
Baris ka-18:
== Sajarah ==
As reported by the Ancient Greek philosopher [[Thales of Miletus]] around [[600s BC|600 BC]], charge (or ''electricity'') could be accumulated by rubbing [[fur]] on various substances, such as [[amber]]. The Greeks noted that the charged amber buttons could attract light objects such as [[hair]]. They also noted that if they rubbed the [[amber]] for long enough, they could even get a spark to jump. This property derives from the [[triboelectric effect]].
In [[1600]] the English scientist [[William Gilbert]] returned to the subject in ''De Magnete'', and coined the [[modern Latin]] word ''electricus'' from ''ηλεκτρον'' (''elektron''), the Greek word for "amber", which soon gave rise to the English words ''electric'' and ''electricity''. He was followed in [[1660]] by [[Otto von Guericke]], who invented what was probably the first [[electrostatic]] generator. Other European pioneers were [[Robert Boyle]], who in [[1675]] stated that electric attraction and repulsion can act across a vacuum; [[Stephen Gray (scientist)|Stephen Gray]], who in [[1729]] classified materials as [[conductor (material)|conductor]]s and [[insulator]]s; and [[C. F. Du Fay]], who proposed in [[1733]] [http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_DUFAY.HTM] that electricity came in two varieties which cancelled each other, and expressed this in terms of a two-fluid theory. When glass was rubbed with silk, DuFay said that the glass was charged with ''vitreous electricity'', and when amber was rubbed with fur, the amber was said to be charged with ''resinous electricity''.
Baris ka-49:
* {{en}} [http://www.scienceaid.co.uk/physics/electricity/charge.html Bantuan élmu: muatan éléktrostatis] Kaca gampang keur ngarti kana muatan éléktrostatis.
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
| |||