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== Wangun jeung guna ==
Peujit leutik kelirna bungur semu hawuk, di awak nu geus sawawa mah diaméterna kira 3 &nbsp;cm, panjangna kira 6 m. Peujit badag nu leuwih weweg kelirna poék beureum kolot, panjangna kira 1,5 m. <!--Both intestines share a general structure with the whole gut, and is composed of several layers. The [[Lumen (anatomy)|lumen]] is the cavity where digested material passes through and from where nutrients are absorbed. Along the whole length of the gut in the glandular epithelium are [[goblet cell]]s. These secrete [[mucus]] which lubricates the passage of food along and protects it from digestive enzymes. [[Villus|Villi]] are vaginations of the [[Mucous membrane|mucosa]] and increase the overall surface area of the intestine while also containing a [[lacteal]], which is connected to the [[Lymphatic system|lymph system]] and aids in the removal of [[lipid]]s and tissue fluid from the blood supply. Micro villi are present on the epithelium of a villus and further increase the surface area over which absorption can take place. The next layer is the muscularis mucosa which is a layer of smooth muscle that aids in the action of continued peristalsis along the gut. The [[Gastrointestinal tract#Submucosa|submucosa]] contains nerves, blood vessels and elastic fibre with collagen that stretches with inceased capacity but maintains the shape of the intestine. The [[Gastrointestinal tract#Submucosa|submucosa]] has been studied by scientist and it is supposedly a second brain. Some people can't control their [[Gastrointestinal tract#Submucosa|submucosa]] and this is the reason why they are obese. Surrounding this is the [[Gastrointestinal tract#Muscularis externa|muscularis externa]] which is comprised of longitudinal and smooth muscle that again helps with continued peristalsis and the movement of digested material out of and along the gut. Lastly there is the [[Serous membrane|serosa]] which is made up of loose connective tissue and coated in mucus so as to prevent friction damage from the intestine rubbing against other tissue. Holding all this in place are the [[Mesentery|mesenteries]] which suspend the intestine in the abdominal cavity and stop it being disturbed when a person is physically active.
 
The large intestine hosts several kinds of [[bacteria]] that deal with molecules the human body is not able to breakdown itself. This is an example of [[symbiosis]]. These bacteria also account for the production of gases inside our intestine (this gas is released as ''flatulence'' when removed through the anus). However the large intestine is mainly concerned with the absorption of water from digested material (which is regulated by the [[hypothalamus]]), as well as any nutrients that may have escaped primary digestion in the Ileum.
 
== Absorption of glucose in the ileum ==
Initially, nutrients diffuse passively from the lumen of the ileum via the epithelial cells and into the blood stream. However, certain molecules like [[glucose]] passively diffuse in mass quantity some time after a meal, causing a change in concentration gradient. This results in a higher concentration of glucose in the blood ([[Blood sugar|blood sugar level]]) than in the ileum, such that passive diffusion is no longer possible. Active uptake would be a waste of energy, so another process is used to transport the left-over glucose from the lumen into the blood stream.
 
In this process, called ''secondary active transport'', a glucose molecule associates with a sodium ion and approaches a transporter protein in the membrane of an epithelial cell. The protein allows the sodium ion through, which then "pulls" the glucose molecule into the cell. Once inside the cell, the sodium and glucose dissociate, and the glucose molecule is free to diffuse passively from the cell into the blood stream (this is because the blood flowing past the cell has a lower blood sugar level than the cell cytoplasm).
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==Disorders==
*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]] is the most common functional disorder of the intestines, and specifically the bowel. Functional constipation and [[chronic functional abdominal pain]] are other disorders of the intestines that have physiological causes, but do not have identifiable structural, chemical, or infectious pathologies. They are aberrations of normal bowel function but not diseases.
 
*[[Diverticular disease]] is a condition that is very common in older people in industrialized countries. It usually affects the large intestine but has been known to affect the small intestine as well. Diverticular disease occurs when pouches form on the intestinal wall. Once the pouches become inflamed it is known as [[Diverticulitis]], or Diverticular disease.
 
*[[Bowel twist]] (or similarly, bowel strangulation) is a comparatively rare event (usually developing sometime after major bowel surgery). It is, however, hard to diagnose correctly, and if left uncorrected can lead to bowel [[infarction]] and death. (The singer [[Maurice Gibb]] is understood to have died from this.)
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