Koronavirus: Béda antarrépisi

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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="2017.012-015S">{{cite web |title=2017.012-015S |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/2017.012_015S.A.v1.Nidovirales.zip |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |accessdate=24 Januari 2020 |language=en |format=xlsx |date=Oktober 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514162836/https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/2017.012_015S.A.v1.Nidovirales.zip |archive-date=14 Méi 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="OrthocoronavirinaeICTV">{{cite web |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: ''Orthocoronavirinae'' |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org//taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201851847 |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |accessdate=24 Januari 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
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'''Coronavirus''' nyaéta golongan [[virus]] anu nyababkeun sasalad ka [[mamalia]] jeung [[manuk]]. Di [[manusa]], ieu virus ngabalukarkeun inféksi engapan, kaasup salésma anu biasana énténg, nepi ka wangun anu jarang kayaning [[SARS]], [[MERS]], jeung [[COVID-2019|COVID-19]] anu bisa matak parna nepi ka maotna. Gejalana béda-béda di rupa-rupa [[spésiés]]: di [[hayam]] ngabalukarkeun panyakit réspiratori luhur, anapon di [[sapi]] jeung [[céléng]] ngabalukarkeun muncrut. Nepi ka kiwari, can aya [[vaksin]] atawa ubar antivirus pikeun natambaan manusa alatan ieu sasalad.
 
Coronavirus kaasup subkulawarga ''[[Orthocoronavirinae]]'' dina kulawarga ''[[Coronaviridae]]'', dina ordo [[Nidovirales]]. <ref name="groot">{{Cite book|title=Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|publisher=Elsevier, Oxford|year=2011|isbn=978-0-12-384684-6|editor-last=AMQ King|pages=806–828|chapter=Family ''Coronaviridae''|author-link2=Susan Baker (virologist)|editor-last2=E Lefkowitz|editor-last3=MJ Adams|editor-last4=EB Carstens}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_documents/m/msl/1231/download.aspx|title=ICTV Master Species List 2009 – v10|last=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|format=xls}}</ref> Coronavirus téh [[virus amplopan]] nu boga [[génom]] [[RNA]] [[Virus RNA utas-tunggal sénse-positip|utas-tunggal sénse-positip]] sarta nukléokapsid simétri héliks. Ukuran [[génom]] coronavirus antara 26 nepi ka 32 kilobasa, panggedéna pikeun [[virus RNA]].
 
== Pamanggihan ==
Golongan Coronavirus anu pertama kali dipanggihkeun di taun 1965 ku Tyrell sareng Bynoe mangrupa virus B814<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Kahn|first=Jeffrey S.|last2=McIntosh|first2=Kenneth|date=2005-11|title=History and Recent Advances in Coronavirus Discovery:|url=http://journals.lww.com/00006454-200511001-00012|journal=The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal|language=en|volume=24|issue=Supplement|pages=S223–S227|doi=10.1097/01.inf.0000188166.17324.60|issn=0891-3668}}</ref>. Partikel virus anu dipanggihkeun ieu miboga ciri saperti ukuran diantara 80-150 mm, pleiomorfik ditutup ku membran, jeung boga permukaan nangtung sapertos pentung. Ilmuwan sejen manggihan sabaabaraha virus anu miboga ciri sarua jeung B814, sapertos bronkitis, hepatitis dina beurit, jeung virus gastroentritis tina babi. Ahirna, sababaraha virus ieu digolongkeun ka golongan Coronavirus<ref name=":0" />.
 
Di taun taun salajengna, sababaraha virus diasupkeun kana golongan Coronavirus, sapertos virus [[SARS|SARS-Cov]] di taun 2002-2003, [[HCoV NL63]] taun 2004, HKU1 di taun 2005, [[MERS-CoV]] di taun 2012, sareng virus [[SARS-CoV-2]] anu kakara dipangihkeun di taun 2019. Sadaya virus ieu nyebabkeun [[infeksi saluran pernapasan]] anu parah.
 
== Etimologi ==
Ngaran "coronavirus" asalna tina Basa Latin ''corona'', hartina ''makuta'' atawa ''halo'', anu nujul kana ciri partikel virusna (virion).
 
== Taksonomi ==
Ngaran ilmiah coronavirus nyaéta ''Orthocoronavirinae'' atawa ''Coronavirinae.'' Coronavirus kaasup ka famili ''[[Coronaviridae]].'' Coronavirus dibagi jadi opat génus<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org//taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201851847|title=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)|website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fan|first=Yi|last2=Zhao|first2=Kai|last3=Shi|first3=Zheng-Li|last4=Zhou|first4=Peng|date=2019/3|title=Bat Coronaviruses in China|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/3/210|journal=Viruses|language=en|volume=11|issue=3|pages=210|doi=10.3390/v11030210|pmc=PMC6466186|pmid=30832341}}</ref>:
 
* Génus ''[[Alphacoronavirus]]''
** Spésiés: ''Human coronavirus 229E, Human coronavirus NL64, Miniopterus bat coronavirus, Minopterus bat coronavirus HKU8, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Rhinophus bat coronavirus HKU2, Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512''
* Génus ''[[Betacoronavirus]]''
** Spésiés: ''Betacoronavirus 1, Human coronavirus HKU1, Murine coronavirus, Pipistrellus bat coronavirus KHU5, Rousetus bat coronavirus HKU9, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus, [[SARS-CoV-2|Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2]], Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4, [[MERS-CoV|Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus,]] Human coronavirus OC43, Hedgehog coronavirus 1''
* Génus ''[[Gammacoronavirus]]''
** Spésiés: ''Beluga whale coronavirus SW1, Virus infeksi bronkitis''
* Génus ''[[Deltacoronavirus]]''
** Spésiés: ''Bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, Coronavirus babi HKU15''
 
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[[Gambar:Phylogenetic tree of coronaviruses.jpg|jmpl|Pohon filogenetik golongan Coronavirus]]
 
== Rujukan ==