Pekania pennanti: Béda antarrépisi

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'''''Pekania pennanti''''' nyaéta sato asli wewengkon kalér [[Amérika Kalér|Amérika]] anu disebut ogé ''fisher''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Mammals of the Great Lakes Region, 3rd Ed.|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=K0UkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA228&dq=fisher+Pekania+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiToI7wnLfoAhWS4nMBHSdvCQUQ6AEIQTAE#v=onepage&q=fisher%20Pekania%20pennanti&f=false|publisher=University of Michigan Press|date=2017-05-12|isbn=978-0-472-05345-2|language=en|first=Allen|last=Kurta}}</ref> Saméméhna ieu spésiés sato téh dingaranan ''Martes penannti''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=HiZICXcpGQsC&pg=PA210&dq=Martes+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl-4jNrLfoAhVoxzgGHYGkDtYQ6AEIazAJ#v=onepage&q=Martes%20pennanti&f=false|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|date=2012-07-09|isbn=978-1-118-32975-7|language=en|first=John A.|last=Wiens|first2=Gregory D.|last2=Hayward|first3=Hugh D.|last3=Safford|first4=Catherine|last4=Giffen}}</ref>, tuluy diganti jadi ''Pekania pennanti'' tanggal 3 Séptémber 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/mammal/pepe/all.html|title=Pekania pennanti|website=www.fs.fed.us|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: Survey Methods for Their Detection|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=U88sJR0GWtMC&pg=PA38&dq=Martes+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV7uWwrbfoAhUxmuYKHW13Cwc4ChDoAQhyMAk#v=onepage&q=Martes%20pennanti&f=false|publisher=DIANE Publishing|date=1998-05|isbn=978-0-7881-3628-3|language=en|first=William J.|last=Zielinski|first2=Thomas E.|last2=Kucera}}</ref>
 
 
==Rupa Awak==
Ditingali saliwat mah, ieu sato téh ampir sarupa jeung [[careuh]] atawa [[lasun]]. Awakna panjang, ari sukuna pendék.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Animal Tracks: A Falcon Field Guide|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=T29BBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40&dq=Martes+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjw386wrrfoAhUcIbcAHRGTB-Y4HhDoAQgxMAE#v=onepage&q=Martes%20pennanti&f=false|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|date=2012-06-05|isbn=978-0-7627-9486-7|language=en|first=Todd|last=Telander}}</ref> Panjang sakujur awakna antara 800 nepi ka 1.075 mm, panjang buntutna 280-400 mm, panjang leungeunna90-125 mm, panjang ceulina 40-55 mm, beuratna 2,0-5,5 kg.<ref name=":0" /> Pekania pennanti awakna ramping, anu moncongna nyungcung jeung buntutna kandel ku bulu. Ramona aya lima dina unggal sukuna, jeung kukuna bisa ditilepkeun kawas cakar ucing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Martes_pennanti/|title=Martes pennanti (fisher)|last=Rhines|first=Cynthia|website=Animal Diversity Web|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref>
 
Umumna boga warna coklat kolot, tapi beungeut, hulu jeung taktakna biasana semu abu-abu. Buluna kandel jeung herang, tapi karasa keusrak. Bulu beuteungna (awak bagian handap) warna coklat kolot tapi mindeng aya poléng acak warna bodas dina beuheung, dada, atawa beuteunga.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrri.umn.edu/carnivores-minnesota/species/fisher|title=Fisher (Martes pennanti)|last=ostro219|website=Natural Resources Research Institute|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref> Warna poléng bulu dina usum panas biasana leuwih rupa-rupa. Ari baganti bulu biasana sakali dina sataun, nyaéta panungtungan usum panas jeung awal usum tiris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMAJF01020|title=Fisher - Montana Field Guide|last=Webmaster|first=David Ratz|website=fieldguide.mt.gov|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref>
 
==Kabiasaan Hirup==
Pekania bisa hirup kira-kira 10 taun di alam atawa di penangkaran.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE|first=|date=January 13, 2014|title=DRAFT SPECIES REPORT Fisher (Pekania pennanti), West Coast Population|url=https://www.fws.gov/yreka/20140911_WCFSR_finaldraft.pdf|journal=U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE (|doi=|pmid=|access-date=26, 3 2020}}</ref> Mimiti begér dina umur sataun tapi umumna teu éféktif nepi ka umurna 2 taun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=Rebecca|last2=Purcell|first2=Kathryn|last3=Thompson|first3=Craig|last4=Kelt|first4=Douglas|last5=Wittmer|first5=Heiko|date=2018-06-01|title=Reproductive parameters of the fisher (Pekania pennanti) in the southern Sierra Nevada, California|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325946978_Reproductive_parameters_of_the_fisher_Pekania_pennanti_in_the_southern_Sierra_Nevada_California|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=99|pages=537–553|doi=10.1093/jmammal/gyy040}}</ref> Ieu sato téh solitér iwal ti bikangna jeung anak-anakna, jeung dina usum begér, anu umumna dina bulan Fébruari nepi ka pertengahan bulan Méi.<ref name=":1" /> Ieu sato pinter tétérékélan jeung gancang lamun hanjat kana tangkal, tapi biasana mah sok leumpang dina taneuh baé. Biasana aktif beurang jeung peuting, sarta bisa ngojay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Martes_pennanti/|title=Martes pennanti (fisher)|last=Rhines|first=Cynthia|website=Animal Diversity Web|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref> Dina usum tiris, biasana sok nyieun lombang jeung torowongan dina jero salu[[salju]]. Tapak sukuna biasana kapanggih di tempat nu deukeut jeung sumber cai.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Track Finder: A Guide to Mammal Tracks of Eastern North America|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=k8f93s6Da8wC&pg=PP33&dq=Martes+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZhoLlrbfoAhXlQ3wKHSVoBkk4FBDoAQg2MAI#v=onepage&q=Martes%20pennanti&f=false|publisher=Nature Study Guild Publishers|date=1981|isbn=978-0-912550-12-1|language=en|first=Dorcas S.|last=Miller}}</ref>
 
Pekania kaasup sato prédator, biasana ngahakan [[bajing]], [[beurit]], [[kelenci]] salju, jeung [[manuk]]. Sacara teu langsung manéhna ngawangun komunitas tutuwuhan di leuweung lantaran ngahakan mangsa anu bisa nyebarkeun binih (siki) di sabudeureun leuweung. Kekembangan jeung tutuwungan nu tangtu, misalna béri ogé sok dihakan.<ref name=":1" /> Ieu sato umumna paéh lantaran dijebak, katabrak kandaraan, jeung dihakan ku ucing leuweung, [[coyote]] jeung [[cougar]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://wdfw.wa.gov/species-habitats/species/pekania-pennanti|title=Fisher {{!}} Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife|website=wdfw.wa.gov|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref>
 
==Sumebarna==
Spésiés ieu sumebar ti Kanada, jeung sabagian wewengkon kalér Amérika Serikat.<ref name=":0" /> Dina sajarahna, ieu mamalia téh kungsi hirup di sabureudeun cekungan Great Lake, tapi ku lantaran leuweungna dituaran ieu sato beuki kaancam punah, iwal di wewengkon pasisisan Ontario jeung Minnesota. Dina panungtungan abad ka-19 jeung awal abad ka-20, populasi pekania turun ngajaul. Ieu sato diboro di sakuliah Amérika jeung [[Kanada]] wétan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=HiZICXcpGQsC&pg=PA210&dq=fisher+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7vZTxobfoAhUCgUsFHQtBAmoQ6AEIWDAG#v=onepage&q=fisher%20pennanti&f=false|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|date=2012-07-09|isbn=978-1-118-32975-7|language=en|first=John A.|last=Wiens|first2=Gregory D.|last2=Hayward|first3=Hugh D.|last3=Safford|first4=Catherine|last4=Giffen}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
 
Program réintroduksi (ngawanohkeun deui) pekannia anu dimimitian ti taun 1900-an, babarengan jeung restorasi alam tina populasi anu nyésa, geus mampuh mulangkeun ieu sato pikeun nempatan deui wewengkon sabudeureun Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, jeung Wisconsin.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Conservation of Fishers (Martes Pennanti) in South-central British Columbia, Western Washington, Western Oregon, and California|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=uIAKuwEACAAJ&dq=Martes+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl-4jNrLfoAhVoxzgGHYGkDtYQ6AEITjAF|publisher=USDI Bureau of Land Management|date=2010|language=en}}</ref> Dina éta proyék, 90 pekannia anu kaasup 50 bikang jeung 40 jalu dileupaskeun di 21 lokasi di Olympic National Park ti taun 2008 nepi ka 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eopugetsound.org/articles/fisher-pekania-pennanti|title=Fisher (Pekania pennanti) {{!}} Encyclopedia of Puget Sound|website=www.eopugetsound.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref> Masing-masing dipasangan [[transmiter radio]] sangkan bisa kalacak upruk-aprakna, jeung rupa-rupa kabiasaan jeung kajadian séjénna. Populasi ayeuna sato ieu geus diasupkeun kana kategori G5 (aman).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103714/Pekania_pennanti|title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0|website=explorer.natureserve.org|accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref>
 
== Habitat ==
Pekania ngaprak di jero hutan anu geus geledegan, anu kanopina geus kompléks, liang-liang tangkalna geus gorowong, tangkay jeung dadauandangdauan tina tangkal anu geus pabalatak di dasar leuweung, jeung garung pikeun jadi tempat panyalindunganana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Habitat Utilization by Fisher (Martes Pennanti) Near Big Bar, California|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=iztUNwAACAAJ&dq=Martes+pennanti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl-4jNrLfoAhVoxzgGHYGkDtYQ6AEIMjAB|publisher=Humboldt State University|date=1982|language=en|first=Slader|last=Buck}}</ref>
 
==Rujukan==