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After the [[Protestant Reformation]] in the 1530s the Church and State were separated, abolishing the authority of the Roman Catholic bishops, and in the long run allowed only [[Lutheranism]] to prevail. This process was not completed until the [[Uppsala|Uppsala Synod 1593]]. During the era following the Reformation, usually known as the period of [[Lutheran Orthodoxy]], in the 17th century, small groups of non-Lutherans, especially [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] [[Dutch people|Dutchmen]] and [[Walloon]]s who played a significant role in trade and industry, were quietly tolerated as long as they kept a low religious profile. The [[Sami people|Sami]] originally had their own shamanistic religion, but they were converted to Lutheranism by Swedish missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Not until liberalization in the late 18th century, were believers of other faiths, including [[Judaism]] and [[Catholicism]], allowed to openly live and work in Sweden, although it remained [[illegal]] until 1860 for Lutheran Swedes to convert to another religion. The 19th century saw the arrival of various [[Low church|evangelical]] [[free church]]es, and, towards the end of the century [[secularism]] began attracting attention, leading people to distance themselves from Church rituals. Leaving the [[Church of Sweden]] became legal with the so-called dissenter law of 1860, but only under the provision of entering another denomination. The right to stand outside any religious denomination was established in the Law on Freedom of Religion in 1951. Today about 78% of Swedes belong to the Church of Sweden, but the number is decreasing by about one per cent every year, and Church of Sweden services are sparsely attended (hovering in the single digit percentages of the population).<ref>[http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/ Church of Sweden], [http://web.archive.org/web/20080309122514/http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/statistik/pdf/medlemmar.pdf Members 1978-2004, PDF document in Swedish]</ref> The reason for the large number of inactive members is that until 1996, all children became members automatically at birth, if at least one of their parents were a member. Since 1996, all children that are baptised become members. Some 275,000 Swedes are today members of various free churches (where congregation attendance is much higher), and, in addition, [[immigration]] has meant that there are now some 92,000 [[Roman Catholics]] and 100,000 [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christians]] living in Sweden.<ref>[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frikyrka Statistics about free churches and immigration churches from Swedish Wikipedia - in Swedish]</ref> Due to [[immigration]], Sweden also has a significant [[Muslim]] population. As many as 500,000 are Muslims by tradition<ref>[http://sydsvenskan.se/sverige/article140868.ece Swedish Newspaper - in Swedish]</ref> and between 80,000 - 400,000 of these are practicing Muslims. ''(See also [[Islam in Sweden]])''
According to the most recent Eurostat "Eurobarometer" poll, in 2005,<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurostat poll on the social and religious beliefs of Europeans Eurobarometer,] ([[PDF]] format)</ref> 23% of Swedish citizens responded that "they believe there is a god", whereas 53% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 23% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".
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