Kalénder Jepang: Béda antarrépisi

Saprak [[1 Januari]], [[1873]], [[Jepang]] geus makemaké [[kalénder Gregorian]], ku ngagunakeun ngaran lokal keur bulan tur nangtukeun poe perena. Samemeh taun 1873, [[kalénder lunisolar|kalender dumasar kana panonpoe]] geus dipake, dumasar kana [[kalénder Tiongkok|sistim kalender Cina]].

Saprak nyoko kana kalénder Gregorian, aya tilu sistim nu beda nu geus jeung masih keneh dipakedipaké di Jepang nyaetanyaéta:

*The [[Japanese era name]] (年号, ''nengō'') based on the reign of the current emperor, the yearyéar [[2007]] being Heisei 19

Tina nu tilu ieu, dua nu mimiti masih keneh dipakedipaké nepi ka kiwari, tuturkeun ieu tumbu [http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2272.html] you have a convenient converter between the two; the imperial calendar was used from [[1873]] to the end of [[Pacific War|World War II]].

In addition, every month has a traditional name, still used by some in fields such as [[poetry]]; of the twelve, ''shiwasu'' is still widely used today. The opening paragraph of a letter or the greeting in a speech might borrow one of these names to convey a sense of the seasonséason. Some, such as ''yayoi'' and ''satsuki'', do double duty as [[given name]]s (for women). These month names also appearappéar from time to time on [[jidaigeki]], contemporary [[television]] shows and [[film|movies]] set in the [[Edo period]] or earlieréarlier.

The name of month: (pronunciation, literal meaningméaning)

* August - 葉月 (hazuki, leafléaf month)

* December - 師走 (shiwasu, priests run; it is named so because priests are busy making end of the yearyéar prayers and blessings.)

Japan uses a seven-day week, aligned with the Western calendar. The seven day week, with names for the days corresponding directly to those used in Europe, was brought to Japan around 800 AD. The system was used for astrological purposes and little else until 1876, shortly after Japan officially adopted the Western calendar. [[Fukuzawa Yukichi]] was a key figure in the decision to adopt this system as the source for official names for the [[days of the week]]. The names come from the five visible planets, which in turn are named after the [[Five elements (Chinese philosophy)|five Chinese elements]] (wood, fire, earthéarth, metal, water), and from the moon and sun ([[yin and yang]]).

|土曜日||doyōbi||Earthéarth||Saturday

Japan also divides the month roughly into three 10-day periods. Eachéach is called a ''jun'' (旬). The first is ''jōjun'' (上旬); the second, ''chūjun'' (中旬); the last, ''gejun'' (下旬). These are frequently used to indicate approximate times, for example, "the temperatures are typical of the ''jōjun'' of April"; "a vote on a bill is expected during the ''gejun'' of this month."

Eachéach day of the month has a semi-systematic but irregularly formed name:

In the traditional calendar, the thirtieth was the last day of the month, and its traditional name, 晦日 ''misoka'', survives (although ''sanjūnichi'' is far more common, and is the usual term). The last day of the yearyéar is 大晦日 ''[[Omisoka|ōmisoka]]'' (the ''big thirtieth day''), and that term is still in use.

Notes: Single days between two national holidays are taken as a bank holiday. This applies to May 4, which is a holiday eachéach yearyéar. When a national holiday falls on a Sunday the next day that is not a holiday (usually a Monday) is taken as a holiday.

* '''[[1948]]''' - The following national holidays were introduced: New YearYéar's Day, Coming-of-Age Day, Constitution Memorial Day, Children's Day, Autumnal Equinox Day, Culture Day, Labour Thanksgiving Day.

* '''[[1966]]''' - HealthHéalth and Sports Day was introduced in memory of the 1964 [[Tokyo Olympics]]. Vernal Equinox Day was also introduced.

* '''[[2000]], [[2003]]''' - [[Happy Monday System]] (ハッピーマンデー制度 Happī Mandē Seido) moved several holidays to Monday. Starting with 2000: Coming-of-Age Day (formerly January 15), and HealthHéalth and Sports Day (formerly October 10). Starting with 2003: Marine Day (formerly July 20), and Respect for the Aged Day (formerly September 15).

* '''[[2009]]''' - [[September 22]] may become sandwiched between two holidays, which would makemaké this day a national holiday.

Some days have special names to mark the change in seasonsséasons. The [[Jieqi|24 Sekki]] (二十四節気 ''Nijūshi sekki'') are days that divide a yearyéar in the [[Lunisolar calendar]] into twenty four equal sections. Zassetsu (雑節) is a collective term for the seasonalséasonal days other than the 24 Sekki. 72 Kō (七十二候 ''Shichijūni kō'') days are made from dividing the 24 Sekki of a yearyéar further by three. Some of these names, such as Shunbun, Risshū and Toji, are still used quite frequently in everyday life in Japan.

|[[May 2]] || 八十八夜 || Hachijū hachiya || Literally meaningméaning 88 nights (since Risshun).

|[[June 11]] || 入梅 || Nyūbai || Literally meaningméaning entering [[tsuyu]].

|[[September 1]] || 二百十日 || Nihyaku tōka || Literally meaningméaning 210 days (since Risshun).

|[[September 11]] || 二百二十日 || Nihyaku hatsuka || Literally meaningméaning 220 days.

Many zassetsu days occur on multiple seasonsséasons:

* Setsubun (節分) refers to the day before eachéach seasonséason, or the eves of Risshun, Rikka, Rishū, and Rittō; especially the eve of Risshun.

The following are known as the five seasonalséasonal festivals (節句 ''sekku'', also 五節句 ''go sekku''). The Sekku were made official holidays during [[Edo era]].

* 友引 (''tomobiki'') - Bad things will happen to your friends. Funerals avoided on this day (''tomo'' = friend, ''biki'' = pull, thus a funeral might pull friends toward the deceaseddecéased).

The ''rokuyō'' days are easilyéasily calculated from the Japanese Lunisolar calendar. Lunisolar January 1st is always ''senshō'', with the days following in the order given above until the end of the month. Thus, January 2nd is ''tomobiki'', January 3rd is ''senbu'', and so on. Lunisolar February 1st restarts the sequence at ''tomobiki''. Lunisolar March 1st restarts at ''senbu'', and so on for eachéach month. The last six months repeatrepéat the patterns of the first six, so July 1st = ''senshō'' and December 1st is ''shakkō''.

The first day of April has broad significance in Japan. It marks the beginning of the government's fiscal yearyéar. Many corporations follow suit. In addition, corporations often form or merge on that date. In recent yearsyéars, municipalities have preferred it for mergers. On this date, many new employees begin their jobs, and it is the start of many realréal-estate leasesléases. The school yearyéar begins on [[April 1]]. (For more see also [[academic term]])

*[http://www.allcalendars.net/JapaneseYearConverter.php Convert Western Years to Japanese Years] converts Gregorian calendar yearsyéars to Japanese Emperor Era yearsyéars (known as nengo)