Gothenburg: Béda antarrépisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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m Ngarapihkeun éjahan, replaced: mangrupakeun → mangrupa, nyaeta → nyaéta, diantara → di antara, salasahiji → salah sahiji |
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'''Gothenburg''' ([[Basa Swédia]]: {{Audio|sv-Göteborg.ogg|''Göteborg''}}) {{IPA|/jœte'bɔrj/}}) nyaéta
Ku ayana [[Göta Älv]] nu ngamuara ka [[Kattegat]], walungan ieu ngabagi Gothenburg jadi dua bagian, kalayan beulah luhureun walungannana ngajadi pulo [[Hisingen]]. Teluk leutik Göta Älv kacida cocogna jadi palabuan, tur Gothenburg geus ngalegaan palbuannana jadi nu panggedéna
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==Ngaran==
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{{further|[[History of Gothenburg]]}}
[[Image:Historical location of Gothenburg.png|left|thumb|250px|Gothenburg's location around 1600. (Denmark yellow, Norway brown).]]
In the 16th and 17th century, the configuration of Sweden's borders made Gothenburg strategically important as the Swedish gateway to the west, lying on the west coast in the narrow area between the territories of [[Denmark-Norway]]. After several failed attempts, Gothenburg was successfully founded in 1621 by King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]] (Gustaf II Adolf). The city was heavely influenced by the Dutch. Dutch city planners where contraced to build the city as they had the skills needed to build in the marshy areas around the city. The town was planned after [[Netherlands|Dutch]] cities to have canals like for example [[Amsterdam]], the blueprint for the canals of Gothenburg are actually the same as those used for [[Jakarta]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The Dutchmen initially got the political power and not until 1652, when the last Dutch politician in the citys council died, that the [[Sweden|swedes]] accuired the political power over Gothenburg<ref name="REF88">Henriksson, Dick and Älveby, Rustan. (1994). ''Vårt Levebröd - Göteborgregionens näringsliv Igår, I dag och I morgon''. Publisher: Akademiförlaget. Page 5. ISBN: 91-24-16635-9 </ref>. During the Dutch period the town followed Dutch townlaws and there where propositions to make Dutch the official language in the town.
The Gothenburg coat of arms was based on the lion of the [[coat of arms of Sweden]], symbolically holding a shield with the national emblem, the [[Three Crowns]], to defend against its enemies.
In the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] (1658) Denmark-Norway ceded the then Danish province [[Halland]], to the south, and the Norwegian province of Bohus County or ''[[Bohuslän]]'' to the north, leaving Gothenburg in a less exposed position. Gothenburg was able to grow into an important port and trade centre on the west coast thanks to the fact that it was the only city on the west coast that was granted, together with [[Marstrand]] the rights to trade with merchants from other countries.<ref name="REF89">Henriksson, Dick and Älveby, Rustan. (1994). ''Vårt Levebröd - Göteborgregionens näringsliv Igår, I dag och I morgon''. Publisher: Akademiförlaget. Page 5. ISBN: 91-24-16635-9 </ref>.
In the 18th century, fishing was the most important industry. However, in 1731 the [[Swedish East India Company]] was founded, and the city flourished due to its foreign trade with highly profitable commercial expeditions to Asian countries.
[[image:Suecia Göteborg.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Göteborg in around 1700 from ''[[Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna]]'']]
The harbour developed into Sweden's main harbour for trade towards the west and with the [[Swedish emigration to North America]] increasing, Gothenburg became Sweden's main point of departure. The impact of Gothenburg as a main port of embarkation for Swedish emigrants is reflected by [[Gothenburg, Nebraska]] a small Swedish settlement in the United States.
With the 19th century, Gothenburg evolved into a modern industrial city that continued on into the 20th century. The population increased tenfold in the century, from 13,000 (1800) to 130,000 (1900). In the 20th century major companies that developed were [[SKF]] (est. 1907) and [[Volvo]] (est. 1926).
In more recent years however, the industrial section has faced a recession, which has spurred the development of new sectors such as increased merchandising and cultural and educational institutions.
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=== Borough ===
{{further|[[Borough jeung Distrik Gothenburg]]}}
Munisipalitas dibagi jadi 21 [[borough]], nu tanggung jawab kana layanan [[sakola primér]], social, kasenangan, jeung budaya di sajeroeun wewengkonna. Dina [[Pamilu di Swédia|pamilu]] [[1998]] tilu borough -- [[Askim]], [[Torslanda]] jeung [[Älvsborg]]
Borough
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==Pangatikan==
[[Image:gbguniversitet_kopiera.jpg|thumb|right|500px|The administration building of Gothenburg University]]
There are two universities in Gothenburg: [[Gothenburg University]] and the [[Chalmers University of Technology]]. They were both initiated in the 19th century as [[university college]]s on private donations. Today there are more than 60,000 students, which makes Gothenburg the largest university city in Scandinavia.
The Gothenburg University contains such faculties as:
*[[Gothenburg School of Economics and Commercial Law]]
*[[Sahlgrenska University Hospital]] (both hospital and medical school)
*[[Valand School of Fine Arts]]
The [[Chalmers University of Technology]] is located in Johanneberg 2 km south of inner city. It also contains faculties such as:
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** {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Turku]], [[Finlandia]]
** {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Århus]], [[Dénmark]]
* Kota pasangannana
** {{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]]
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** {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[Perancis]]
Kerjasama jeung Kota [[Port Elizabeth]] di Afrika Kidul (ngadeg 1998)
* Kota sawargi
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** {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Tallinn]], [[Éstonia]]
** {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rostock]], [[Jérman]]
* Régional
** {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Oslo]], [[Norwégia]]
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===Musik===
Gothenburg has a rich music life - the [[Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra]] is the best known when it comes to classical music. Bands like [[The Soundtrack of Our Lives]] and [[Ace of Base]] are well known pop representatives of the city. There is also an active indie scene.
The city is also noted for being the centre of the [[melodic death metal]] movement (sometimes even called "[[Scandinavian death metal|The Gothenburg sound]]"). Gothenburg metal is unique and distinct because of its very melodic and sometimes progressive guitar riffs and solos, and the clean singing that is incorporated (instead of just using the traditional [[death grunt]] vocals). Gothenburg's own [[At the Gates]], [[Soilwork]], [[In Flames]], and [[Dark Tranquillity]] are credited with pioneering this melodic style. The Gothenburg metal has influenced numerous significant metal scenes across Europe and the rest of the world, including [[Finland]], the [[United States]], and [[Canada]].
===Kadaharan jeung inuman===
Gothenburg, with its location just by the [[North Sea]], has a number of top class fish and seafood restaurants. The city also has a number of star chefs – over the past decade, 7 of the Swedish Chef of the Year Awards have been won by Gothenburgers. The most popular place to buy the raw ingredient is the [[Feskekôrka]] ("Fish Church"); an indoor fish market, it got its name from the building's resemblance to a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] church. Four restaurants have a star in the 2006 [[Michelin Guide]]: 28 +, Basement, Fond and Sjömagasinet<ref>Information from the tourist company Göteborg & Co, website www.goteborg.com</ref>.
Gothenburg is perhaps the city with the highest concentration of cafés and coffee shops in Sweden; with a large group of students in the city centre and a long tradition of more traditional cafés the number of establishments exploded in the 1990s.
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===Tempat-tempat nu menarik===
[[image:SlottskogenBench.jpg|left|thumb|Relax in Slottskogen park]]
Gothenburg has a wide selection of cultural establishments worth seeing. A new [[opera]] house was inaugurated in [[1994]], the [[Gothenburg Opera]]. Museums include art ([[Gothenburg Museum of Art]]) and ([[Göteborgs Konsthall]]), design and handcrafts (the [[Röhss Museum]]), sea history, natural history, science, East India, and the [[Museum of World Culture]] [http://www.varldskulturmuseet.se/smvk/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=126&l=sv_SE] inaugurated in [[2004]].
[[Kungsportsavenyn]], commonly known as just ''Avenyn'', "The Avenue", is the main boulevard. It was created in the 1860s and 1870s as a result of an international town planning competition<ref>Guide till Sveriges arkitektur, red. Waern, Caldenby, Arkitektur förlag</ref>. With a total length of about two kilometers, it stretches from the old [[moat]] at the edge of the older part of Gothenburg, and ends at the [[Götaplatsen]] square, where the [[Gothenburg Museum of Art]] and several other cultural institutions are located.
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Avenyn passes the [[Stora teatern]], a [[Neo-Renaissance]] theatre and opera building from 1859, and has a major concentration of pubs, discoteques and restaurants.
The [[Göteborg Botanical Garden]] <ref>[http://w3.goteborg.se/botaniska/engelska/english_start.html Göteborg Botanical Garden]</ref> is considered to be one of the most outstanding [[botanical garden]]s in [[Europe]].
Just across Dag Hammarskjöldsleden is Gothenburg's largest park, [[Slottskogen]], where you can visit Gothenburg's Natural History Museum (Naturhistoriska Museet), a children's zoo (Barnens Zoo), and a family animal park (Djurgårdarna). The park is also home to the city's oldest observatory, but if you prefer, it's a perfect place for sun-bathing, picnicking, or taking a relaxing stroll through Gothenburg's shady forests.
The amusement park [[Liseberg]] located in the central part of the city, is the largest in Scandinavia, and the most popular attraction in Sweden by number of visitors per year (>3 millions). Next to Liseberg is the science discovery centre [[Universeum]].
The central city and the harbour can be viewed from the [[GötheborgsUtkiken|The Gothenburg Lookout]].
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