Garuda Indonesia: Béda antarrépisi

'''PT (Persero) Perusahaan Penerbangan Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia''', disingget '''Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia''', nyaetanyaéta salah sahiji [[airline|parusahaan penerbangan]] nasional [[Indonesia]]. Ieu ngaran asalna tina dongeng manuk [[Garuda]]. Dina tradisi [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] India, Garuda nu mawa [[Hinduism|Hindu]] pangeran [[Vishnu]]. Parusahaan ieu markasna di [[Jakarta]] at [[Soekarno-Hatta International Airport]], nu ngalayanan tujuan utama di [[Ngurah Rai International Airport]], [[Bali]], [[Juanda International Airport]], [[Surabaya]], [[Polonia International Airport]], [[Medan]], jeung [[Sepinggan International Airport]], [[Balikpapan]].

Kabehkabéh sahamna dipibanda ku pamarentahpamaréntah IndonesiaIndonésia tur ngabogaan 6,251 karyawan (dina [[2005]]). Meunang bentang-3 ti [[Skytrax]]. [http://www.airlinequality.com/Airlines/GA.htm]

Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia had its beginnings in the [[Indonesian National Revolution|Indonesian war of independence]] against the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] in the late [[1940s]], when Garuda flew special transports with [[Douglas Aircraft Company|Douglas]] [[DC-3]] aircraft. [[January 26]], [[1949]], is generally recognized as the airline's founding date, at which time the airline was known as "Garuda Indonesian Airways." The first plane was a DC-3 known as ''Seulawah'' (Acehnese: "Gold Mountain") and was purchased for a sum of 120,000 [[Malayan dollar]]s, which was provided by the [[Acehnese]] peoplepéople (notably local merchants). {{Fact|date=February 2007}} During the revolution, the airline supported IndonesianIndonésian interests, such as carrying IndonesianIndonésian leadersléaders for diplomatic missions.

The [[1960s]] were times of growth for the airline; the fleet in 1960 included eight [[Convair 240]]s, eight [[Convair 340]]s, and three [[Convair 440]]s. In [[1961]] and late [[1965]], three [[Convair 990]] jet planes and three [[Lockheed L-188 Electra]] were introduced, and a route was opened to [[Kai Tak International Airport]] in [[Hong Kong]]. After concentrating on domestic and regional services, the first flights to Europe were added on [[September 28]], [[1963]], to [[Amsterdam]] and [[Frankfurt]]. In 1965, flights to Europe were expanded to include [[Rome]] and [[Paris]] via [[Bombay]] and [[Cairo]], with the exclusive use of [[Convair 990]] aircraft. That yearyéar, flights to [[China]] started, with Garuda flying to [[Guangzhou|Canton]] via [[Phnom Penh]]. Also in [[1965]], the jet age arrived for Garuda, with a [[Douglas DC-8]] that flew to [[Schiphol Airport]] in Amsterdam.

The [[East Asian Economic Crisis]] of 1998 hit IndonesiaIndonésia and Garuda hard, resulting in severe cutbacks on unprofitable routes. Despite once having a comprehensive worldwide route network, Garuda currently operates no flights to [[Europe]] or [[North America]]. Largely due to historical links with [[the Netherlands]], Garuda continued to operate flights to Amsterdam after the initial cutbacks, although these flights have since been discontinued. The situation was not helped by the [[September 11]] terrorist attacks, the [[Bali]] bombings, the [[2004 Boxing Day tsunami]], and the [[SARS]] scare, all of which contributed to a downturn in air travel and IndonesianIndonésian tourism. However, the airline has recovered favorably from its economic problems and seems to be in good economic shape entering the middle [[2000s]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

In [[2001]], a [[Low-cost carrier|low-cost airline]] subsidiary, [[Citilink|CitiLink]], was established to provide shuttle services between IndonesianIndonésian cities.

In 2005, Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia carried 8,679,443 passengers [http://www.garuda-indonesia.com/about/statistics.php], with a [[load factor]] of 68.73%.

Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia is a full-service airline, in contrast with the 'no frills' low-cost carrier. The class configuration is divided into first (on Boeing 747-400s), business, and economy class.

It currently operates flights to a total of 45 destinations (21 domestic, 24 international) throughout [[East Asia|East]] and [[South East Asia]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and the [[Middle East]]. Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia also offers flights to 13 other international destinations through code-share agreements with [[China Airlines]], [[China Southern Airlines]], [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[Korean Air]], [[Gulf Air]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Silkair]], [[Vietnam Airlines]], and [[Philippine Airlines]]. Taking these routes into account, Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia's route map extends to [[Western Europe]].

In 2005, Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia relaunched its frequent flyer program called Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) with a new look, new benefits, and new services. The new program allows members to earnéarn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum benefit levels. New services for GFF members include a new website at http://gff.garuda-indonesia.com, including an on-line mileagemiléage calculator for

earningéarning and redemption, on-line mileagemiléage balance, on-line personal profile management, and downloadable forms.

The flight numbers of Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia are classified as follows:

* GA700-799: [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] (Flights to New ZealandZéaland were suspended in 2006)

* GA800-899: [[Asia]] (except IndonesiaIndonésia and Middle Eastéast)

The Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia fleet includes the following aircraft ([[March]] [[2007]]) <ref>[[Flight International]], 3-9 [[October]] [[2006]]</ref> :

Saatos kacilakaan nu pertama di [[1950]], Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia tos ngalami 14 kacilakaan fatal sareng 1 pembajakan.

* Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia Flight 206, a [[DC 9]] aircraft was hijacked on [[28 March]] [[1981]]. This was the first serious IndonesianIndonésian airline hijacking, since the first case was a desperate Marine hijacker who was killed by the pilot himself. The hijackers, a group called Commando Jihad, hijacked the [[DC 9]] "Woyla", onroute from [[Palembang]] to [[Medan]], and ordered the pilot to fly the plane to [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]. But since the plane didn't have enough fuel, it refueled in [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]] and then to [[Don Muang]], [[Thailand]]. The hijackers demanded the releasereléase of Commando Jihad members imprisoned in [[Indonesia]], and US $ 1.5 million, as well as a plane to take those prisoners to an unspecified destination. The [[Kopassus]] commandos who took part in this mission trained for only three days with totally unfamiliar weaponswéapons, brilliantly executed this fast-paced operation. One of the [[Kopassus]] commandos was shot by the hijacker leaderléader, who then shot himself. All the other hijackers were killed. All the hostages were saved.

* Garuda IndonesiaIndonésia Flight 421 was238, a [[Boeing 737#737-300500|Boeing 737-300500]] travelingregistered fromPK-GGD [[Lombok]]bound tofor [[YogyakartaSemarang]] on [[JanuaryFebruary 161]], [[20022007]], whichcollided waswith forceda to[[Saudi makeArabian anAirlines]] emergency[[Boeing landing747#747-300|Boeing in747-300]], poorregistered weatherTF-ATJ onwhen thedoing [[Bengawan Solo Riverpushback]]. Oneat person,[[Soekarno-Hatta aInternational stewardess,Airport]]. wasNone killed inof the accident; 59 other96 passengers and crewwere survivedinjured. [http://www.airdisasterkompas.com/cgikompas-bincetak/view_details0702/02/utama/3285302.cgi?date=01162002&reg=PK-GWA&airline=Garuda+Indonesiahtm]