Romania: Béda antarrépisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
m Ngarapihkeun éjahan, replaced: nya éta → nyaéta (23), ea → éa (5) |
m Ngarapihkeun éjahan, replaced: di Buka → dibuka, samentawis → samentara (3), teu aya → euweuh |
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Baris ka-127:
[[File:Romania1941.png|thumb|right|250px]]
Dina [[Perang Dunya Kadua]], Romania ngadéklarasikeun nétral deui, tapi dina 28 Juni 1940, Romania narima [[ultimatum Soviét Juni 1940|ultimatum ti Uni Soviét]].<ref name="ultimatum">{{cite book|url=http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071113170140/http://www.unibuc.ro/eBooks/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-4.htm| archivedate=2007-11-13|title=Istoria Românilor între anii 1918-1940|author= Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu|language=Romanian|publisher=University of Bucharest|year=2002}}</ref> Dina tekenan [[Moskwa]] jeung [[Bérlin]], Romania kapaksa mundur ti [[Bessarabia]] jeung [[Bukovina Kalér]] pikeun nyingkahan perang.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nagy-Talavera|first=Nicolas M.|title=Green Shirts and Others: a History of Fascism in Hungary and Romania|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|year=1970|page=305}}</ref> Kajadian ieu, ditambih ku sababaraha faktor nu lian, nyieunan pamaréntah Romania gabung ka [[Blok Poros]]. Akibat kaputusan blok Poros, [[Dobrogea]] kidul dibéré ka Bulgaria,
Sanggeus Raja [[Mihai I ti Romania]] diistrénan jeung ngalabuhkeun [[Ion Antonescu]], Romania ngagabung ka Sakutu, tapi lakuannna dina nalukkeun Jérman Nazi teu diakuan ku [[Konferénsi Parapihan Paris]] taun 1947.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/5/38D4D252-BE7E-4943-A6A9-4E3C1B32A05F.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070930033400/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/5/38D4D252-BE7E-4943-A6A9-4E3C1B32A05F.html|archivedate=2007-09-30|title=World War II – 60 Years After: Former Romanian Monarch Remembers Decision To Switch Sides|author=Eugen Tomiuc|date=May 6, 2005|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Wates kulon Romania balik deui kawas saméméhna, tapi Bukovina Kalér jeung Bessarabia tetep dikawasaan ku Soviet.
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== Politik jeung pamaréntahan ==
[[Konstitusi Romania]] dijieun dumasar kana [[Konstitusi Perancis]]<ref name="Europaworld">{{cite book|encyclopedia=The Europa World Year Book|year=2007|volume=2|edition=48|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|title=Romania|pages=3734–3759|isbn=9781857434125}}</ref> jeung ditarima liwat réferéndum nasional dina 8 Désémber 1991.<ref name="Europaworld"/> Hiji panyandakan sora nu diayakeun dina Oktober 2003 narima 79 amandemén konstitusi, nyieunannna cocog jeung législasi Uni Éropa.<ref name="Europaworld"/> Romania téh mangrupa [[républik]] [[démokrasi|démokratis]] multipartéy. Fungsi éksekutif dilaksanakeun ku présidén jeung perdana menteri. [[Présidén Romania]] dipilih liwat pamilihan umum saban lima taun. Présidén nunjuk [[Perdana Menteri Romania|perdana menteri]], nu mingpin pamaréntahan.<ref name="Europaworld"/> Présidén hirup di [[Istana Cotroceni]],
Cabang [[législatif]] pamaréntahan Romania, nu kawanoh minangka [[Parlemén Romania|Parlemén]] (''Parlamentul României''), diwangun ti dua majelis, ''Senat'' ([[Sénat]]), nu miboga 137 anggota (dina 2005), jeung ''[[Camera Deputaţilor]]'' (majelis handap), nu miboga 332 anggota (dina 2004). Anggota ti dua majelis ieu dipilih saban opat taun.
Baris ka-239:
Romania miboga iklim transisional antara [[iklim sedeng]] jeung [[iklim kontinéntal|kontinéntal]]. Rarata suhu di Romania nyaéta 11 °C (52 °F) di kidul jeung {{convert|8|°C}} di kalér.<ref name=climate>{{citeweb|url=http://countrystudies.us/romania/34.htm|title=Romania: Climate|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> Suhu pangpanasna nu pernah dicatet nyaéta {{convert|44.5|°C}} di [[Ion Sion]] 1951 jeung suhu pangtiisna nu pernah dicatet nyaéta -38.5 (−37 °F) di [[Bod, Braşov|Bod]] 1942.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.romaniatourism.com/climate.html|title=Romania: climate|publisher=Climate|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref>
Di Romania aya opat usum, nyaéta usum semi, panas, gugur, jeung tiis. Usum panas biasana haneut pisan atawa panas, kalawan rarata suhu
Rarata curah hujan di pagunungan kulon Romania nyaéta {{convert|750|mm|in|abbr=on}} per taun. Di wewengkon kidul bagian tengah (sakurilingeun Bukares), tingkat curah hujan nepi ka {{convert|600|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web|language=Romanian|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf|format=PDF|title= The 2004 Yearbook|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> ari di Délta Donau, curah hujan leutik pisan, kalawan rarata 370 mm.
Baris ka-255:
Ti Révolusi Romania 1989, sistem atikan Romania terus diréformasi.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/romania/rapport_1.html|title=The Romanian Educational Policy in Transition|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref> Dumasar kana Undang-Undang Atikan nu dipaké dina taun 1995, sistem atikan diatur ku [[Kamentrian Atikan jeung Panalungtikan Romania|Kamentrian Atikan jeung Panalungtikan]]. [[TK]] mangrupa atika opsional pikeun barudak nu yuswana 3 nepi ka 6 taun. Sakola dimimiti dina yuswa 7 taun (kadang-kadang 6), jeung wajib nepi ka kelas 10 (dina yuswa kira-kira 16 atawa 17).<ref>{{cite report|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/romania/rapport_2.html|title=The Romanian Educational Policy in Transition|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref>
Dumasar kana [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]], dina taun 2006
âni|author=Răzvan Florian|url=http://www.ad-astra.ro/journal/8/florian_shanghai_romania.pdf|format=pdf|title=Romanian Universities and the Shanghai rankings|location=Cluj-Napoca, România|pages=7–9|accessdate=2008-08-31}}</ref>
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Awal abad ka-20 dianggap minangka jaman kajayaan budaya Romania.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/romanian/articles/TheRomanianCulturalDebateOfTheSummer.html|title= Romanian Cultural Debate of the Summer: Romanian Intellectuals and Their Status Groups|publisher=Romanian Club @ Columbia University|author=Mona Momescu|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Inohong penting nu geus mangaruhan budaya dunya nyaéta [[Constantin Brâncuşi]], figur utama gerakan modérn, panaratas abstraksi jeung panganyar skulptur dunya.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.brancusi.com/bio.html|title=Constantin Brâncuşi's bio|publisher=Brancusi.com|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> Salah sahiji karyana, "''[[Bird in Space]]''" , kajual $27.5 yuta dina taun 2005.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://antiquesandthearts.com/AW-2005-05-10-12-15-39p1.htm|title=Brancusi's 'Bird in Space' Sets World Auction Record for Sculpture at $27,456,000|publisher=Antiques and the Arts Online|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://crib.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en&id=31&s=15441&arhiva=true|publisher=Romanian Information Center in Brussels|title=November 9, The price record for a Brancusi masterpiece was set up in 2005 when “Bird in Space” was sold for USD 27.5 M|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref> Dina période antar perang dunya, inohong kawas [[Tudor Arghezi]], [[Lucian Blaga]], [[Eugen Lovinescu]], [[Ion Barbu]], [[Liviu Rebreanu]] ngusahakeun nyinkronisasikeun sastra Romania jeung sastra Éropa. [[George Enescu]], panembang Romania nu kasohor, ogé asalna ti période ini.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.enescusociety.org/georgeenescu.php|title=George Enescu, the composer|publisher=International Enescu Society|accessdate=2008-01-20}}</ref>
Sanggeus perang dunya réngsé, komunisme mawa panyénsoran gedé. Kabébasan nepikeun pamikiran dilarang, tapi inohong kawas [[Gellu Naum]], [[Nichita Stănescu]], jeung [[Marin Sorescu]] hasil lolos ti panyénsoran, jeung mangrupa pamingpin "Renaissance" leutik pikeun sastra Romania.<ref>{{citebook|last=Ştefănescu|first=Alex.|title=Nichita Stănescu, The Angel With A Book In His Hands|language=Romanian|publisher=Maşina de scris|year=1999|pages=8|isbn=9789739929745}}</ref>
== Tempo ogé ==
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