Langir

Langir; Temporal range: Silurian–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Langir leuweung Asia di Taman Nasional Khao Yai, Thailand
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Arthropoda
Subfilum:	Chelicerata
Kelas:	Arachnida
Subkelas:	Dromopoda
Ordo:	Scorpiones; C. L. Koch, 1837
Superfamili
	Buthoidea; Chaeriloidea; Chactoidea; Iuroidea; Pseudochactoidea; Scorpionoidea; Baca klasifikasi pikeun famili.

Langir atawa kala nyaéta arthropoda predator ti ordo Scorpiones di kelas Arachnida. Sukuna aya dalapan, boga ciri utama sapasang cacapit anu badag jeung buntut leutik anu tungtungna boga panyeureud, gedéna antara 9 mm (Typhlochactas mitchelli) nepi ka 20 cm (Hadogenes troglodytes).^[1]^[2]

Tapak évolusi langir kapanggih nepi ka jaman Siluria 430 juta taun kaliwat, hirup dina rupa-rupa lingkungan di sakuliah buana, iwal Antartika. Anu geus kacatet, aya 1750 spésiés,^[3] anu kabagi 13 famili. Tina anu loba ieu, ngan 25-an anu peurahna bisa nelasan manusa.^[4]^:1.

Fosil

Proscorpius osborni, fosil langir anu mimitina disangka eurypterida

Langir loba tapakna dina catetan fosil, pangkolotna umur 430 juta taun dina périodeu Siluria. Najan kungsi disangka mimitina hirup di dasar laut tropis anu dé'ét^[5], kiwari karuhun langir dipercaya ti mimiti geus hirup di darat.

Morfologi

Anatomi langir:
1 = Cephalothorax atawa Prosoma;
2 = Abdomén atawa Mésosoma;
3 = Buntut atawa Métasoma;
4 = Cacapit atawa Pedipalp
5 = Suku;
6 = Sungut atawa Chelicerae;
7 = pincers or Chelae;
8 = Cacapit gerak atawa Tarsus;
9 = Cacapit cicing atawa Manus;
10 = Panyeureud atawa Aculeus ;
11 = Telson.

Langir nyanghareup

Panyeureud langir Arizona

Awak langir kabagi tilu bagian (tagmata): hulu (cephalothorax), abdomén (mésosoma) jeung buntut (métasoma).^[4]^:10

Fluoresénsi

Langir disorot cahya hideung.

Lamun kasorot cahya ultrabungur, langir bisa hurung siga lamun kasorot cahya hideung, ku ayana bahan kimia fluoreséns dina cangkangna, di antarana béta-karbolin.^[6]

Rujukan

↑ Edward E. Ruppert, Richard S. Fox, Robert D. Barnes (2004). Invertebrate Zoology. Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.
↑ Jonathan, Rigg (1862). A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java. Universitas Harvard: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.
↑ František Kovařík (2009). "Illustrated catalog of scorpions, Part I" (PDF). Diakses tanggal January 22, 2011.
↑ ^a ^b Gary A. Polis (1990). The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1249-1.
↑ Andrew Jeram (1990-06-15). "When scorpions ruled the world". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12617214.200-when-scorpions-ruled-the-world-scorpions-took-the-big-step-onto-solid-ground-about-300-million-years-ago-scottish-fossils-reveal-how-they-evolved-to-leave-the-seas-and-become-the-first-predators-on-land.html
↑ Shawn J Stachel, Scott A Stockwell and David L Van Vranken (August 1999). "The fluorescence of scorpions and cataractogenesis". Chemistry & Biology 6 (8): 531–539. doi:10.1016/S1074-5521(99)80085-4. PMID 10421760.

Tutumbu kaluar

Wikispecies mibanda émbaran ngeunaan: Scorpiones

Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Scorpiones .

Holland, Ben (2008). "Scorpion Facts for Researchers and Kids".
Biolumunescence in scorpions Archived 2013-07-15 di Wayback Machine
Scorpion anatomy
Scorpions in Qatar
Caring for a Pet Scorpion
Bokma, John. "Scorpion detection using UV LEDs".
"Scorpions". DesertUSA.com and Digital West Media, Inc.
Rehak, Ondrej. "Photogallery – 36 species of scorpions".
Britt, Robert Roy (2006-06-27). "Scorpion Venom Tested as Brain Cancer Treatment". LiveScience (Imaginova). http://www.livescience.com/health/060627_scorpion_venom.html
"Pet Scorpion Information and facts | Scorpion Picture Guide".
Cuevas, Moises, MD (2009). "Scorpions in Sayulita". Archived 2010-10-23 di Wayback Machine
Scorpions from the Chihuahuan Desert Region of Mexico and the United States
CDC – Insects and Scorpions – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
The Scorpion Hobby
Scorpions distribution maps

Citakan:Arachnida

[1] Edward E. Ruppert, Richard S. Fox, Robert D. Barnes (2004). Invertebrate Zoology. Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.

[”Rig”-2] Jonathan, Rigg (1862). A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java. Universitas Harvard: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.

[3] František Kovařík (2009). "Illustrated catalog of scorpions, Part I" (PDF). Diakses tanggal January 22, 2011.

[Biology-4] Gary A. Polis (1990). The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1249-1.

[5] Andrew Jeram (1990-06-15). "When scorpions ruled the world". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12617214.200-when-scorpions-ruled-the-world-scorpions-took-the-big-step-onto-solid-ground-about-300-million-years-ago-scottish-fossils-reveal-how-they-evolved-to-leave-the-seas-and-become-the-first-predators-on-land.html

[Stachel_1999_531–539-6] Shawn J Stachel, Scott A Stockwell and David L Van Vranken (August 1999). "The fluorescence of scorpions and cataractogenesis". Chemistry & Biology 6 (8): 531–539. doi:10.1016/S1074-5521(99)80085-4. PMID 10421760.

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