Aksara Sunda Baku: Béda antarrépisi
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'''Aksara Sunda''' ({{sund|ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ}}) nujul ka hiji sistim [[ortografi]] hasil karya masarakat Sunda nu ngawengku aksara jeung sistim kaaksaraan pikeun nuliskeun basa Sunda. Aksara Sunda ngarujuk ka [[aksara Sunda kuna]] nu kungsi dipaké sahanteuna ti [[abad ka-14]] nepi ka [[abad ka-18]].
== Sajarah ᮞᮏᮛᮂ ==
Salian ti aksara [[Sunda]] Kuna, kaadaban Sunda ogé kungsi wanoh jeung sababaraha sistim aksara lianna, di antarana:
* [[aksara Pallawa]] atawa aksara Pra-Nagari anu dipaké pikeun nuliskeun [[basa Sangsakerta]], dipaké nepi ka [[abad ka-7]],▼
ᮞᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ [[Sunda|ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]] ᮊᮥᮔ, ᮊᮃᮓᮘᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮇᮌᮦ ᮊᮥᮀᮞᮤ ᮝᮔᮧᮂ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮞᮘᮘᮜᮠ ᮞᮤᮞ᮪ᮒᮤᮙ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ᮔ, ᮓᮤᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮛᮔ:
▲*
*[[Aksara Pallawa|ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮜ᮪ᮜᮝ]] ᮃᮒᮝ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮢ-ᮔᮌᮛᮤ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮌᮥᮔᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮔᮥᮜᮤᮞ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪ [[Basa Sangsekerta|ᮘᮞ ᮞᮀᮞᮊᮩᮁᮒ]], ᮓᮤᮌᮥᮔᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮔᮨᮕᮤ ᮊ [[Abad ka-7|ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮷|]],
* aksara Sunda Kuna anu diturunkeun tina aksara Pallawa.
*ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮥᮔ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮒᮥᮛᮥᮔ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤᮔ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮜ᮪ᮜᮝ.
*
* [[aksara Pegon]], utamana di lingkungan pasantrén, ku asupna ajaran [[Islam]] ti tatar Arab,▼
*[[Cacarakan|ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮎᮎᮛᮊᮔ᮪]] ᮃᮒᮝ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮏᮝ, ᮞᮎᮛ ᮅᮙᮥᮙ᮪ ᮙᮛᮨᮍᮔ᮪ ᮃᮞᮥᮕᮔ [[Islam|ᮄᮞ᮪ᮜ᮪]] ᮏᮩᮀ ᮊᮃᮓᮘᮔ᮪ ᮏᮝ ᮊ [[Cirebon|ᮎᮤᮛᮨᮘᮧᮔ᮪]] ( [[Abad ka-16|ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮶|]] ) ᮏᮩᮀ [[Parahiyangan|ᮕᮢᮤᮃᮍᮔ᮪]] ( [[Abad ka-17|ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮷|]] ),
* [[aksara Latin]], mimiti dipaké ahir [[abad ka-19]], diwanohkeun ku pangjajah Walanda.▼
*[[Aksara Pegon|ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮨᮌᮧᮔ᮪]], ᮅᮒᮙᮔ ᮓᮤ ᮜᮤᮀᮊᮥᮍᮔ᮪ ᮕᮞᮔ᮪ᮒᮢᮦᮔ᮪, ᮊᮥ ᮃᮞᮥᮕ᮪ᮔ ᮃᮏᮛᮔ᮪ [[Islam|ᮄᮞ᮪ᮜᮙ᮪]] ᮒᮤ ᮒᮒᮁ ᮃᮛᮘ᮪,
*[[Aksara Latin|ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮜᮒᮤᮔ᮪]], ᮙᮤᮙᮤᮒᮤ ᮓᮤᮌᮥᮔᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮃᮠᮤᮁ [[Abad ka-19|ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮹|]], ᮓᮤᮝᮔᮧᮂᮊᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮕᮀᮏᮏᮂ ᮝᮜᮔ᮪ᮓ.
Sacara ''resmi'', pamaréntah Jawa Kulon ngaliwatan Perda taun 2003 geus ngarojong aksara Sunda pikeun pakéun sapopoé.<ref>[http://www.sundanet.com/?p=233 Dangiang Aksara Sunda], teuleuman [[filsafat]] [[Hidayat Suryalaga|Abah Surya]] ngeunaan aksara Sunda di Sundanét.com</ref>
ᮞᮎᮛ ''ᮛᮞ᮪ᮙᮤ,'' ᮕᮙᮛᮔᮦ᮪ᮒᮂ ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪ ᮍᮜᮤᮝᮒᮔ᮪ ᮕᮨᮁᮓ (Perda) ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ |᮲᮰᮰᮳| ᮌᮩᮞ᮪ ᮍᮛᮧᮏᮧᮀ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮕᮊᮉᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮕᮧᮕᮧᮆ.
== Komputerisasi ᮊᮧᮕ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮛᮤᮞᮞᮤ ==
[[Komputerisasi]] aksara Sunda nalika medarna publikasi resmi ngeunaan aksara Sunda ti Pamaréntah [[Jawa Kulon]]. Conto mimiti nyaéta "Aksara Pakuan" dina wanda OTF<ref>http://jamparing.sytes.net/aksara/</ref>.
[[Komputerisasi|ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮛᮤᮞᮞᮤ]] ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮔᮜᮤᮊ ᮙᮨᮓᮁᮔ ᮕᮥᮘᮣᮤᮊᮞᮤ ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮙᮤ ᮍᮩᮔᮃᮔ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮒᮤ ᮕᮙᮛᮔᮦ᮪ᮒᮂ [[Jawa Kulon|ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪]]. ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ ᮙᮤᮙᮤᮒᮤ ᮑᮆᮒ "ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮊᮥᮃᮔ᮪" ᮓᮤᮔ ᮝᮔ᮪ᮓ OTF.
Salian ti éta, dina taun 2008 geus medal Aksara Sunda Unicode meunang nyampurnakeun tina Unicode 2008 anu disusun ku Dian Tresna Nugraha jeung Kusnet (2005). Unicode téh proses digitalisasi anu bisa mantuan ka pamaké ngetik aksara Sunda dina komputer, sanajan can bisa maca naskah aksara Sunda sacara otomatis<ref name=Transliterasi, Edisi, dan Terjemahan:Aksara Sunda Kuna, Buda, Cacarakan, dan Pegon>Ruhaliah (2012).''Transliterasi, Edisi, dan Terjemahan:Aksara Sunda Kuna, Buda, Cacarakan, dan Pegon''. Bandung: Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa Daerah UPI Bandung</ref>.
ᮞᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤ ᮆᮒ, ᮓᮤᮔ ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ |᮲᮰᮰᮸| ᮌᮩᮞ᮪ ᮙᮨᮔᮜ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮚᮥᮔᮤᮊᮧᮔ᮪ ᮙᮩᮔᮀ ᮑᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮥᮁᮥᮁᮥᮁᮥᮁᮔᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤᮔ ᮚᮥᮔᮤᮊᮧᮓ᮪ |᮲᮰᮰᮸| ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮞᮥᮞᮥᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮓᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮦᮢᮞ᮪ᮔ ᮔᮥᮌᮢᮠ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮊᮥᮞ᮪ᮔᮒᮦ᮪ ( |᮲᮰᮰᮵|). ᮚᮥᮔᮤᮊᮧᮓ᮪ ᮒᮦᮂ ᮕᮢᮧᮞᮞᮦ᮪ ᮓᮤᮌᮤᮒᮜᮤᮞᮞᮤ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮘᮤᮞ ᮙᮔ᮪ᮒᮥᮃᮔ᮪ ᮊ ᮕᮙ'ᮊᮦ ᮍᮨᮓᮤᮊ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮓᮤᮔ ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮁ, ᮞᮔᮏᮔ᮪ ᮎᮔ᮪ ᮘᮤᮞ ᮙᮎ ᮔᮞ᮪ᮊᮂ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮞᮎᮛ ᮇᮒᮧᮙᮒᮤᮤᮤᮤᮞ᮪.
== Susunan Aksara Sunda ᮞᮥᮞᮥᮔᮔ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ==
Aksara Sunda diwangun ku sababaraha komponén, di antarana:
ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮓᮤᮝᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮞᮘᮘᮛᮠ ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮧᮔᮦᮔ᮪, ᮓᮤᮤᮤᮤᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮛᮔ:
=== Aksara Swara ===▼
[[Gambar:sundanese-vocals.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis]]▼
* aksara ngalagena / ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮍᮜᮌᮨᮔ
* aksara swara / ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮧᮛ
* rarangkén / ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮔᮦ᮪
* tanda baca / ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮎ
* wilangan / ᮝᮤᮜᮍᮔ᮪
▲=== Aksara Swara ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮛᮧᮛ ===
▲[[Gambar:sundanese-vocals.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis ᮛᮦᮕᮢᮞᮦᮔ᮪ᮒᮞᮤ ᮌᮢᮖᮤᮞ᮪]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" border="1"
| <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">{{sund|ᮃ}}</span> = a|| <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">{{sund|ᮆ}}</span> = é || <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">{{sund|ᮄ}}</span> = i || <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">{{sund|ᮇ}}</span> = o
Baris 53 ⟶ 70:
|}
=== Aksara Ngalagena ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮍᮜᮌᮨᮔ ===
[[File:sundanese-consonants.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis ᮛᮦᮕᮢᮞᮦᮕ᮪ᮒᮞᮤ ᮌᮢᮖᮤᮞ᮪]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" border="1"
Baris 77 ⟶ 94:
|}
=== Rarangkén ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮔᮦ᮪ ===
Dumasar kana patempatanana, 14 rarangkén dibagi jadi:
* rarangkén luhur = 5 rupa▼
ᮓᮥᮙᮞᮁ ᮊᮔ ᮕᮒᮨᮙ᮪ᮕᮒᮔ᮪ᮔᮔ, |᮱᮴| ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮔᮦ᮪ ᮓᮤᮘᮌᮤ ᮏᮓᮤ:
▲* rarangkén luhur = 5 rupa
*ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮔᮦ᮪ ᮜᮥᮠᮥᮁ = |᮵| ᮛᮥᮥᮕ
* rarangkén handap = 2 rupa
*ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮔᮦ᮪ ᮠᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ᮪ = |᮲| ᮛᮥᮕ
* rarangkén sajajar = 6 rupa
*ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮔᮦ᮪ ᮞᮏᮏᮁ = |᮶| ᮛᮥᮕ
'''a. Rarangkén luhur ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮔᮦ᮪ ᮜᮥᮠᮥᮁ'''
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = <big>ka</big> → [[gambar:Sundanese sign panghulu.png|50px|link=]] = <big>ki</big>.
|-
|
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = <big>ka</big> → [[gambar:Sundanese sign pamepet.png|50px|link=]] = <big>ke</big>.
|-
|
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = <big>ka</big> → [[gambar:Sundanese sign paneuleung.png|50px|link=]] = <big>keu</big>.
|-
|
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = <big>ka</big> → [[gambar:Sundanese sign panglayar.png|50px|link=]] = <big>kar</big>.
|-
|
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = <big>ka</big> → [[gambar:Sundanese sign panyecek.png|50px|link=]] = <big>kang</big>.
|}
Baris 104 ⟶ 127:
'''b. Rarangkén handap'''
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|
Conto: <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ</span> = ka → <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊᮥ</span> = ku.
|-
|
Conto:
Conto: '''ᮊ''' = ka > '''ᮊᮤ''' = ki > '''ᮊᮤᮢ''' = kr
|-
|
Conto: <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ</span> = ka → <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊᮣ</span> = kla.
|}
Baris 118 ⟶ 143:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|
Conto: <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ</span> = ka → <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊᮦ</span> = ké.
|-
|
Conto: <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ</span> = ka → <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊᮧ</span> = ko.
|-
|
Conto: <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ</span> = ka → <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊᮡ</span> = kya
|-
|
Conto: <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ</span> = ka → <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊᮂ</span> = kah.
|-
|
Conto: <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ</span> = ka → <span style="font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';">ᮊ᮪</span> = k.
|}
===
[[File:Sundanese-numbers.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis ᮛᮦᮕᮢᮞᮦᮔ᮪ᮒᮞᮤ ᮌᮢᮖᮤᮞ᮪]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" border="1"
Baris 154 ⟶ 179:
|}
Dina tulisan,
ᮓᮤᮔ ᮒᮥᮜᮤᮞᮔ᮪, ᮝᮤᮜᮍᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤᮝᮒᮨᮞᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮕᮤᮕ ᮃᮏᮨᮌ᮪ | … |.<br />
Conto: {{sund|<nowiki>|᮲᮰᮰᮸|</nowiki>}} = 2008
==Conto Dipakéna Aksara Sunda ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮔᮦ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮥᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ==
ar-rahmah ᮃᮁ-ᮛᮂᮙᮂ
{{sund|ᮓᮦᮕᮧᮊ᮪,|᮲᮵| ᮔᮧᮕᮦᮙ᮪ᮘᮨᮁ |᮲᮰᮰᮹|}}
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