Dina élmu linguistik, kasilihngartian mangrupa hubungan antara basa-basa atawa dialék-dialék anu panyaturna bisa silih ngarti tanpa kudu diajar heula ngeunaan éta basa sanajan basa atawa dialék éta miboga bébédaan ragam, tapi masih silh patali. Kasilihngartian ilaharna dipaké minangka kritéria pangpentingna pikeun ngabédakeun basa jeung dialék iwal ti faktor-faktor sosiolinguistik séjénna anu mindeng dipaké ogé.

Kasilihngartian antarbasa bisa kajadi sacara asimétris, misalna sabot panyatur basa A leuwih paham basa B tibatan panyatur basa B paham kana basa A. Anapon kapahaman antarbasa anu cukup asimétris miboga ciri "silih ngarti". Fénoména kapahaman antarbasa ieu pecenghul dina mangpirang tingkatan dina basa-basa anu sarungkun atawa padeukeut sacara géografis di dunya, mindeng kapanggih dina kontéks dialék kontinum

Daptar basa anu pasilihngarti

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Di handap ieu mangrupa taratas daptar basa anu silih mikaharti sacara gembleng atawa ngan sawaréh.

Wangun tulis jeung kaucap

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Ngan dina wangun lisan

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Ngan dina wangun tulis

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Dialék atawa laras hiji basa anu sakapeung dianggap papisah

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  • Néo-Aram Asyur: Néo-Aram Khaldea,[40] Lishana Deni,[41] Hértevin,[42] Néo-Aram Bohtan,[43] jeung Senaya[44][45]—wangun luluguna mangrupa hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural nu matak bisa silih dipikaharti nepi ka undakan tartangtu. Ku sabab éta, basa-basa éta sakapeung dianggap minangka dialék basa Néo-Aram Asyur. Basa-basa éta dianggap kapisah ku sabab alesan géografis jeung agamais.[34]
  • Rumania: Moldova—wangun luluguna mangrupa hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural nu matak bisa silih dipikaharti. Dua basa éta dianggap papisah ku sabab alesan pulitik.[46]
  • Serbo-Kroasia: Bosnia, Kroasia, Montenegro, jeung Serbia—wangun luluguna mangrupa hiji basa anu sarua sacara struktural nu matak bisa silih mikaharti,[47] boh lisan atawa tulis (lamun pada-pada maké alfabét Latin).[48] Basa-basa éta dianggap papisah ku sabab alesan politik.[49]
    • Dialék-dialék basa Serbo-Kroasia (Kajkavia, Chakavia, Shtokavia, jeung Torlakia) dianggap ku sababaraha urang salaku basa. Wangun lulugu kaopat dialék éta didasarkeun kana wangun lulugu dialék Shtokavia. Kasilihngartian kaopat dialék éta téh variasi pisan, boh antardialék atawa jeung basa deungeun. Dialék Kajkavia mikasilihngartian jeung Slovénia sarta dialék Torlakia (dianggap ku sababaraha urang salaku subdialék Shtokavia) mikasilihngartian sacara signifikan jeung Makédonia jeung Bulgaria.[50]
  • Tagalog: Filipino[51]—minangka basa nasional Filipina, basa Filipino dumasar kana ampir sagemblengna basa Tagalog dialék Luzon.

Rujukan

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