Kumpay
| Kumpay | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lycopodium | |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
| Karajaan: | |
| Divisi: | Tracheophyta
|
| Kelas: | Lycopodiopsida
|
| Kulawarga: | Lycopodiaceae
|
| Génus: | Lycopodium
|
| Spésiés: | Lycopodium clavatum L.
|
| Sinonim | |
|
Clopodium Raf., AnaL Nat. Tabl. Univ. 205. 1815. nom. nud. | |
Kumpay; Lycopodium nyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga lycopodiaceae.[1] Tina basa Yunani lukos hartina ajag jeung podion hartina ngaleutikan, pous hartina suku. Genusna clubmosses, dipiwanoh ogé ground pines atawa creeping cedars.[2] Tina kulawarga Lycopodiaceae, dua anu pang katempona béda circumscriptions tina genus anu dipaké. Ogé Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group dogolongkeun taun 2016 (PPG I), Lycopodium mangrupikeun salah sahiji tina salapan genera tina kulawarga Lycopodioideae, kitu deui aya dina 9 nepi ka 15 spésiés.[3][4] Dina klasifikasi anu séjén, genus na sarua jeung sakabéh kulawarga, kusabab éta kalebet sadayana genera anu sanés. Sarta aya leuwih ti 40 spésiés anu geus dipiwanoh.[5]
Ciri mandiri
éditTutuwuhan ieu henteu mibanda kembang, vascular, bisa hirup dina taneuh atanapi mangrupi Épifit anu napel dina tangkal anu séjén, tangkalna mibanda cagak anu loba, ajeg kaluhur, aya ogé anu ngampar luhureun taneuh, dauna nunggal laleutik, maréncos kawas jarum ngéntép nutupan dahan jeung tangkalna. Wadah spora wujudna kawas ginjal, (sporangia) Spora anu dipibandanya ngan 1 rupa [6] tempatna aya dina luhureun daun tina daunna anu husus (sporophylls) ngentep dina strobilus wujudna kawas aseupan di tungtung dahan anu ajeg.
Kumpay ngarekahan kujalan ngaluarken spora asexually. Tutuwuhan ieu ogé ngagaduhan bagian séksual jero taneuh anu ngahasilkeun gamét/beuti, sareng ieu silih ganti dina siklus hirup tutuwuhan anu ngahasilkeun spora. Prothallium anu dikembangkeun tina spora mangrupikeun jisim jaringan jero taneuh anu ngajendul sarta mibanda duanana organ jalu sareng bikang antheridiumand archegoniae.[6] Nanging, ieu tutuwuhan ilahar dirintahkeun maké cara végétatif ngalangkungan rhizom/beuti di luhur- atanapi di handapeun taneuh.
Taxonomy
éditGenus Lycopodium Mimiti diguar ku Carl Linnaeus taun 1753.[7] Anjeunna nempatkeun kana Musci (mosses) dibarengan ku genera sapertos Sphagnum sareng kaasup spésiés sapertos Lycopodium selaginoides,[8] ayeuna disimpen dina genus Selaginella dina runtuyan anu sanés pikeun Lycopodium. Sumber anu bénten nganggo substansi anu bénten circumscriptions tina genus. Tradisional, Lycopodium dianggap hiji-hijina genus anu aya di kulawarga Lycopodiaceae, janten kalebet sadaya spésiés dina kulawarga, sanaos sakapeung ngaluarkeun hiji tempat dina genus monotypic Phylloglossum.[9] Sumber anu sanés ngabagi spésiés lycopodiaceae kana tilu genera anu sacara jelas, Lycopodium, Huperzia (including Phylloglossum) ogé Lycopodiella. Dina panempo ieu, Lycopodium sensu lato ngagaduhan kurang leuwih 40 spésiés.[10][5] Dina Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group Klasifikasi tina 2016 (PPG I), genus anu ditetepkeun sacara umum sami sareng kulawarga Lycopodioideae, katut Lycopodium mangrupikeun salah sahiji tina 16 genera di kulawarga Lycopodiaceae, mangrupikeun salah sahiji tina 16 genera di ieu kulawarga .[3][4]
| Traditional[9] | Christenhusz & Chase (2014)[10] | PPG I[4] |
|---|---|---|
| Lycopodium + Phylloglossum |
Lycopodium s.l. | Lycopodium s.s. + 8 genera anu sanés ngawangun kulawarga Lycopodioideae |
| Dua genera séjén | 7 genera (kaasup Phylloglossum) dina dua subfamilies |
Species
éditDina lingkungan leutikna bunderan Lycopodium , di mana éta mangrupikeun tina salapan gén dina kulawarga lycopodioideae
- Lycopodium clavatum L. – stag's-horn clubmoss; subcosmopolitan
- Lycopodium diaphanum (P.Beauv.) Sw. – Tristan da Cunha
- Lycopodium hygrophilum Alderw. – New Guinea
- Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. – Asia Kulon (Jepang kulon jeung kalér,ogé India jeung Sri Lanka)
- Lycopodium lagopus (Laest. ex C.Hartm.) Zinserl. ex Kuzen. – circumpolar arctic jeung subarctic
- Lycopodium papuanum Nessel – New Guinea
- Lycopodium pullei Alderw. – New Guinea
- Lycopodium venustulum Gaudich. – Hawaii, Western Samoa, the Society Islands
- Lycopodium vestitum Desv. ex Poir. – Amerika kalér(Andes)
Ngagunakeun lingkungsn lega tina genus, Plants of the World Online diakuan tambahan ieu Lycopodium species .[5] Ngagunakeun lingkungan heureut Lycopodium,the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World ngabagi aranjeunna diantara dalapan jinis anu sanés:[11]
- Lycopodium alpinum L. = Diphasiastrum alpinum
- Lycopodium annotinum L. = Spinulum annotinum
- Lycopodium assurgens Fée = Austrolycopodium assurgens
- Lycopodium carolinum (Lawalrée) J.P.Roux = Diphasiastrum carolinum
- Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring = Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides
- Lycopodium complanatum L. = Diphasiastrum complanatum
- Lycopodium confertum Willd. = Austrolycopodium confertum
- Lycopodium dendroideum Michx. = Dendrolycopodium dendroideum
- Lycopodium deuterodensum Herter = Pseudolycopodium densum
- Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A.Braun = Diphasiastrum digitatum
- Lycopodium erectum Phil. = Austrolycopodium erectum
- Lycopodium fastigiatum R.Br. = Austrolycopodium fastigiatum
- Lycopodium fawcettii F.E.Lloyd & Underw. = Diphasiastrum fawcettii
- Lycopodium gayanum Brongn. = Diphasium gayanum
- Lycopodium habereri House = Diphasiastrum habereri
- Lycopodium hickeyi (Beitel & R.C.Moran) W.H.Wagner, Beitel & R.C.Moran = Dendrolycopodium hickeyi
- Lycopodium juniperoideum Sw. = Dendrolycopodium juniperoideum
- Lycopodium jussiaei Desv. = Diphasium jussiaei
- Lycopodium lawessonianum B.Øllg. = Diphasium lawessonianum
- Lycopodium madeirense J.H.Wilce = Diphasiastrum madeirense
- Lycopodium magellanicum (P.Beauv.) Sw. = Austrolycopodium magellanicum
- Lycopodium multispicatum J.H.Wilce = Diphasiastrum multispicatum
- Lycopodium nikoense Franch. & Sav. = Diphasiastrum nikoense
- Lycopodium obscurum L. = Dendrolycopodium obscurum
- Lycopodium oellgaardi (Stoor, Boudrie, Jérôme, K.Horn & Bennert) B.Bock = Diphasiastrum oellgaardii
- Lycopodium paniculatum Desv. = Austrolycopodium paniculatum
- Lycopodium platyrhizoma J.H.Wilce = Diphasiastrum platyrhizoma
- Lycopodium sabinifolium Willd. = Diphasiastrum sabinifolium
- Lycopodium scariosum G.Forst. = Diphasium scariosum
- Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. = Diphasiastrum sitchense
- Lycopodium spectabile Blume = Pseudodiphasium volubile
- Lycopodium subarcticum V.N.Vassil. = Spinulum annotinum ssp. alpestre
- Lycopodium thyoides Willd. = Diphasiastrum thyoides
- Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh = Diphasiastrum tristachyum
- Lycopodium volubile G.Forst. = Pseudodiphasium volubile
- Lycopodium yueshanense C.M.Kuo = Diphasiastrum yueshanense
- Lycopodium zanclophyllum J.H.Wilce = Diphasiastrum zanclophyllum
- Lycopodium × zeilleri (Rouy) Greuter & Burdet = Diphasiastrum zeilleri
Kagunaan
éditSpora tina Lycopodium tina spesies ieu dikumpulkeun sarta dijual salaku tipung lycopodium. ramuan parantos dianggo dina ubar tradisional Austria sacara internal salaku téh atanapi sacara éksternal salaku komprés pikeun panyakit gangguan sistem lokomotor, kulit, ati sareng empedu, ginjal sareng saluran kemih, inféksi, rematik, sareng asam urat,[12]
Dicutat tina
édit- ↑ Karl Hasskarl, Justus (1845). Aanteekeningen over het nut, door de bewoners van Java aan eenige planten van dat eiland toegeschreven. Universitas Oxford: J. Müller. p. 88. Disungsi8 April 2021
- ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2008
- ↑ a b c Hassler, Michael; Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019). "Lycopodium". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.11. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-09. Archived 2017-09-02 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ a b c PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229.
- ↑ a b c "Lycopodium L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-09.
- ↑ a b
"[Lycopodium Lycopodium]". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th) 17. (1911). Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ "Lycopodium L.". The International Plant Names Index. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-21.
- ↑ Linnaeus, C. (1753). "Lycopodium". Species Plantarum II. pp. 1100ff. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-21.
- ↑ a b Sporne, K.R. (1966). The Morphology of Pteridophytes (2nd ed.). London: Hutchinson. chap. 4. OCLC 253704767.
- ↑ a b Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3936591.
- ↑ Hassler, Michael; Schmitt, Bernd (November 2019). Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.11. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-09. Archived 2017-09-02 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ Vogl, S; Picker, P; Mihaly-Bison, J; Fakhrudin, N; Atanasov, A. G.; Heiss, E. H.; Wawrosch, C; Reznicek, G et al. (2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine--an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3791396.
Tutumbu ka Luar
édit| Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Kumpay . |
| Wikispecies mibanda émbaran ngeunaan: Kumpay |
- Species list (takes a broad view of the genus, including the species here separated in the genus Diphasiastrum)
- Burning Lycopodium Powder: Simulating a Grain Elevator Explosion Archived 2012-02-04 di Wayback Machine by Kevin A. Boudreaux