Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris.
Bantuanna didagoan pikeun narjamahkeun.

Dina basa nu umum, élmu komputer nyaéta élmu ngeunaan komputasi jeung information processing, boh dina hal hardware atawa software.

Pangwanoh

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Pikeun kaperluan praktis, élmu komputer kaasup ogé topik-topik anu aya hubunganana jeung komputer, tina hal saperti analisa algoritma abstrak, formal grammars, jeung salian ti eta, nepi ka subyék anu kongkrit saperti programming language, software, jeung hardware komputer. Sabagé disiplin élmu, loba bédana jeung matematik, programming, rékayasa software, sarta rékayasa komputer, sanajan kadang-kadang ngabingungkeun. Edsger Dijkstra nyebutkeun yén:

"Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes."

Dilengkepan ku physicist Richard Feynman nyebutkeun:

"Computer science is not as old as physics; it lags by a couple of hundred years. However, this does not mean that there is significantly less on the computer scientist's plate than on the physicist's: younger it may be, but it has had a far more intense upbringing!"

Tesis Church-Turing thesis nyebutkeun yén sakabéh tipe paradigma kanyaho anu reasonable tina komputasi mangrupa hal anu sarua pentingnya salila bisa ngagawekeun sanajan aya variasi efisien dina waktu jeung ruang. Tesis ieu lain téorema matematika anu bisa dibuktikeun, tapi a statement based on empirical observation that two distinct computational schemes do in fact have the same computational power. This thesis is a fundamental principle of computer science.

Most reséarch in computer science has been related to von Neumann computers or Turing machines (computers that do one small, deterministic task at a time). These modéls resemble most réal computers in use today. Computer scientists also study other kinds of machines, some practical (like parallel machines) and some théoretical (like random, oracle, and quantum machines).

Computer scientists study what programs can and cannot do (see computability and artificial intelligence), how programs should efficiently perform specific tasks (see algoritma), how programs should store and retrieve specific kinds of information (see data structures and data bases), and how programs and péople should communicate with éach other (see human-computer interaction and user interfaces).

Computer science has roots in electrical engineering, mathematics and linguistics. In the last third of the 20th century computer science has become recognized as a distinct discipline and has developed its own methods and terminology.

The first computer science department in the United States was founded at Purdue University in 1962. The University of Cambridge in England, among others, taught CS prior to this, however at the time, CS was seen as a branch of mathematics, and not a separate department. Cambridge claims to have the world's oldest taught qualification in computing. Most universities today have specific departments devoted to computer science.

The highest honor in computer science is the Turing Award.

Lapang nu patali

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Élmu komputer deukeut patalina jeung sawatara wilangan lapang séjénna. Lapang-lapang éta kacida pentingna, sanajan aya sababaraha kapentingan nu béda-béda.

  • Élmu informasi nyaéta pangajian ngeunaan data jeung informasi, kaasup cara nganafsirkeun, nganalisis, neundeun, jeung nyokotna. Élmu Informasi dimimitian ku mangrupa yayasan analisis ilmiah ngeunaan komunikasi jeung basis data.
  • Pemprograman komputer atawa pangwangunan piranti-lunak nyaéta nyusun/nulis kodeu program.
  • Leksikografi jeung leksikografi nu dikhusukeun museurkeun regepan kana pangajian karya-karya rujukan leksikografik jeung ogé kaasup pangajian éléktronika jeung kamus nu dumasar-Internét.
  • Linguistika nyaéta pangajian ngeunaan basa, konvergén (sarua museurna) jeung élmu komputer dina wilayah-wilayah parancangan bahasa pemprograman jeung prosésing bahasa alami.
  • Rékayasa piranti lunak nganekenkeun analisis, parancangan, konstruksi, jeung pangujian kana piranti-piranti lunak nu mangfaat. Rékayasa piranti lunak kaasup cara-cara pangwangunnan (di antarana modél air-terjun jeung pemprograman ékstrém) jeung pangalolaan projék.
  • Sistem informasi (SI) nyaéta aplikasi komputasi pikeun ngadukung kalangsungan organisasi: pangoperasian, pamasangan, jeung parawatan komputer, piranti lunak, jeung data.
  • Matematika méré ka lapangan séjén téhnik-téhnik jeung topik-topik ngeunaan élmu komputer, tapi leuwih umum. Dina sababaraha citarasa, ÉS mangrupa matematika-na komputasi.
  • Logika nyaéta sistem nalar resmi, jeung prinsip-prinsip pangajian nu aya dina dasar-dasar mesin nalar/komputasi, boh nyaéta piranti heuras (logika digital) atawa tingkatan-tingkatan piranti lunak (pamariksaan, AI jeung sajabana.). Cabang lapangan logika disebut logika komputabilitas nyadiakeun jawaban nu sistematik pikeun patanyaan-patanyaan nu dasar-pisan ngeunaan naon nu bisa dikomputasi jeung kumaha carana.
  • Rekayasa komputer nyaéta analisis, parancangan, jeung konstruksi piranti heuras komputer.
  • Kaamanan informasi nyaéta analisis jeung terapan kaamanan sistem informasi, kaasup kriptografi.

Widang-widang utama anu penting dina élmu komputer

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Tatapakan matematika

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Téori élmu komputer

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Hardware

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(tingali ogé rékayasa listrik)

Computer systems organization

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(see also electrical engineering)

Software

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Data and information systems

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Computing methodologies

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Computer applications

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History

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Prominent pioneers in computer science

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See list of computer scientists for many more notables.

Tempo ogé

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Tumbu kaluar

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