Japati

Japati
Japati liar kelir alami
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Aves
Ordo:	Columbiformes
Kulawarga:	Columbidae
Génus:	Columba
Spésiés:	C. livia
Ngaran binomial
Columba livia Gmelin, 1789

Japati di habitat alamina dina cadas gawir basisir. Di pakotaan, gawir cadas ieu téh diganti ku témbok gedong-gedong jangkung.

Columba livia

Japati mangrupa manuk anggota kulawarga Columbidae. Istilah japati dipaké pikeun 308 spésiés manuk anggota ordo Columbiformes, ngawengku japati, tikukur, titiran, manuk puter, jeung spésiés lianna. Nu jadi ciri golongan japati nyaéta awakna tegep, beuheung, pamatuk jeung sukuna pondok, boga cera luhureun pamatukna.

Ordo japati sumebar di sakuliah dunya, tapi rupa nu panglobana mah aya di wewengkon Indomalaya jeung Australasia, dianggap patali jeung dodo nu geus lastari. Anak japati disebut 'piyik'.

Japati alamina aya di wewengkon Éropa kulon jeung kidul, Aprika Kalér, jeung Asia kidul-kulon. Habitatna alamna di gawir-gawir cadas, utamana di basisir. Hasil doméstikasina mah aya di mana-mana, kaasup di kota-kota. Di Inggris, Irlandia, jeung wewengkon asalna nu alami, japati téh ukur aya di pasisian.

Japati mimiti dibawa ka Amérika Kalér taun 1606 di Port Royal, Acadia (ayeuna Nova Scotia).

Anatomi

Rupa-rupa kelir bulu japati liar

Panjang awak japati antara 30–35 cm, kalawan lébar bébér jangjang 62–68 cm. Ciri utama japati liar murni bisa ditempo dina warna bulu tungtung tonggong nu bodas, ditambah dua polét hideung dina jangjangna. Umurna di alam liar antara 3-5 taun, sedengkeun mun dikandangan bisa nepi ka 15 taun.

Warna hulu jeung beuheung japati nu geus sawawa ilaharna bulao-abu-abu, leuwih kolot batan tonggong jeung jangjangna, sedengkeun dina beuteungna mah bodas. Panonna biasana mah oranyeu, tapi aya ogé nu bodas semu abu-abu.

Sayang

Sayangna biasana dijieun dina lelegok atawa guha, dijieun tina régang garing, jukut, atawa jukut laut. Sakali baranahan, japati mah ngendogna ukur dua; disileungleuman piligenti ku indung jeung bapana salila 18 poéan. 'Piyik'na kakara disapih mun geus umur 30 poéan. Sayang japati ilaharna dijieun tina régang leutik jeung sésa bilik (mun di sabudeureunana aya), sakali baranahan ukur boga dua endog nu disileungleuman piligenti ku jalu jeung bikangna. Kadaharanana sarupaning sisikian (jagong, paré/béas), bungbuahan, jeung bahan tutuwuhan lianna. Béda ti galibna bangsa manuk, japati mah sok "nyusuan" anakna nu cairan ladang ngabeuweung kadaharanana.

Doméstikasi

Japati geus didoméstikasi ti rébuan taun ka tukang. Japati doméstik nu geus dilatih bisa mulang ka sayangna najan di bawa ka tempat nu can dipikawanoh nu jauhna nepi ka sarébuan kilo. Silangan husus, nu katelah japati pos, geus kalatih sangkan bisa mawa surat. Japati nu kieu ogé sok dibalapkeun.

Piyik umur sapuluh poéan

Japati sok dikawinsilangkeun pikeun diala daging, dedegan, atawa kelir buluna (galeri poto).

Kabisa navigasi mangrupa salah sahiji kaahéngan japati, padahal manuk ieu mah tara ngayakeun migrasi.

Japati doméstik sok dipaké dina percobaan di laboratorium biologi, kadokteran, jeung élmu kognitif. Contona baé, japati sok dilatih pikeun ngabédakeun antara lukisan kubisme jeung imprésionisme.

Japati liar nu nyayang dina sela-sela témbok wangunan.

Japati liar di kota-kota

Japati liar di pakotaan sacara naluri ngajadikeun gedong-gedong jangkung di pakotaan salaku gawir-gawir cadas tempat alamina. Sababaraha kota nu kawentar ku japati liarna, di antarana

• Trafalgar Square - London
• Dam Square - Amsterdam
• Martin Place - Sydney
• Piazza San Marco - Venice
• Misir Carshisi- Istambul
• Rynek Główny- Cracow

ku sabab kamekaran populasina, di kota-kota kawas di luhur mah pihak pamaréntah nepi ka nyaram maraban japati liar. Komo ku kalakuanana nu bisa ngaruksak wangunan, nyebarkeun panyakit, polusi taina, sarta ngusir manuk lianna.

Rupa Japati

Japati digolongkeun ka opat jenis nyaéta:

1. Japati hias
2. Japai pos
3. Japati balap, jeung
4. Japati daging.

Japati Hias

Nu kaasup japati hias nyaéta Japati Makuta, Japati Kapas, Japati Robot jeung Japati Tembolok. Nu séwang-séwangan boga cirina sorangan.

Japati Pos

nyaéta japati nu boga kamampuh ngapung kalawan gancang dina jarak nu jauh. Japati ieu nu baheula dijadikeun sarana pikeun ngirimkeun surat.

Japati Balap

nyaéta japati nu sok dipaké minangka adu balap japati. Biasana japati diadukeun kalawan ditempo japati nu panggancangna,

Japati Daging

nyaéta japati nu maksud dipiara pikeun diala dagingna. Japati daging diingu sarua saperti hayam jeung manuk tuluy dipeuncit.

Klasifikasi & béréndélan spésiésna

Famili japati biasana dibagi kana lima subfamili, sakumaha dadaran di handap (diluyukeun jeung Handbook of the Birds of the World, karya Lynx taun 1997):

Subfamili Columbinae - nu ilahar disebut japati

Genus Columba - Japati biasa

• Rock Dove or feral pigéon, Columba livia
• Stock Dove Columba oenas
• Trocaz Pigeon Columba trocaz
• Bolle's Pigeon Columba bollii
• Laurel Pigeon Columba junoniae
• White-crowned Pigeon Columba leucocephala
• Red-billed Pigeon Columba flavirostris
• Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata
• Hill Pigeon, Columba rupestris
• Snow Pigeon, Columba leuconota
• Speckled Pigeon, Columba guinea
• White-collared Pigeon, Columba albitorques
• Pale-backed Pigeon, Columba eversmanni
• Somali Pigeon, Columba oliviae
• Wood Pigeon, Columba palumbus
• Afep Pigeon, Columba unicincta

'Japati Batu' ngagorombol eunteup na kabel listrik.

• African Olive Pigeon, Columba arquatrix
• Cameroon Olive Pigeon, Columba sjostedti
• Sao Tome Olive Pigeon, Columba thomensis
• Comoro Olive Pigeon, Columba polleni
• Speckled Woodpigeon, Columba hodgsonii
• White-naped Pigeon, Columba albinucha
• Ashy Woodpigeon, Columba pulchricollis
• Nilgiri Woodpigeon, Columba elphinstonii
• Sri Lanka Woodpigeon, Columba torringtoni
• Pale-capped Pigeon, Columba punicea
• Silvery Pigeon, Columba argentina (possibly extinct)
• Andaman Woodpigeon, Columba palumboides
• Japanese Woodpigeon, Columba janthina
• Bonin Wood Pigeon, Columba versicolor (extinct)
• Metallic Pigeon or White-throated Pigéon, Columba vitiensis
• White-headed Pigeon, Columba leucomela
• Ryukyu Pigeon, Columba jouyi (extinct)
• Yellow-legged Pigeon, Columba pallidiceps
• White-crowned Pigeon, Columba leucocephala
• Scaly-naped Pigeon, Columba squamosa
• Scaled Pigeon, Columba speciosa
• Picazuro Pigeon, Columba picazuro
• Bare-eyed Pigeon, Columba corensis
• Spot-winged Pigeon, Columba maculosa
• Band-tailed Pigeon, Columba fasciata
• Chilean Pigeon, Columba araucana
• Ring-tailed Pigeon, Columba caribaea
• Pale-vented Pigeon, Columba cayennensis
• Red-billed Pigeon, Columba flavirostris
• Peruvian Pigeon, Columba oenops
• Plain Pigeon, Columba inornata
• Plumbeous Pigeon, Columba plumbea
• Ruddy Pigeon, Columba subvinacea
• Short-billed Pigeon, Columba nigrirostris
• Dusky Pigeon, Columba goodsoni
• Eastern Bronze-naped Pigeon, Columba delegorguei
• Western Bronze-naped Pigeon, Columba iriditorques
• Sao Tome Bronze-naped Pigeon, Columba malherbii
• Madagascar Pigeon, Columba picturata (formerly Streptopelia picturata)
• African Lemon-dove, Columba larvata
• Sao Tome Lemon-dove, Columba simplex

'Japati Batu' di Krakow, Polandia

Genus Streptopelia

• Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
• Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto
• Barbary Dove Streptopelia risoria (domesticated; taxonomic status doubtful)
• African Collared Dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea
• Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
• Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur
• Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis
• Dusky Turtle Dove, Streptopelia lugens
• Adamawa Turtle Dove, Streptopelia hypopyrrha
• Pink Pigeon, Streptopelia mayeri
• Island Collared Dove, Streptopelia bitorquata
• White-winged Collared Dove, Streptopelia reichenowi
• African Mourning Dove, Streptopelia decipiens
• Red-eyed Dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
• Ring-necked Dove, Streptopelia capicola
• Vinaceous Dove, Streptopelia vinacea
• Red Turtle Dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica

Genus Macropygia

• Barred Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia unchall
• Slender-billed Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia amboinensis
• Brown Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia phasianella
• Dusky Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia magna
• Andaman Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia rufipennis
• Philippine Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia tenuirostris
• Ruddy Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia emiliana
• Black-billed Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia nigrirostris
• Mackinlay's Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia mackinlayi
• Little Cuckoo-dove, Macropygia ruficeps

Genus Reinwardtoena

• Great Cuckoo-dove, Reinwardtoena reinwardtii
• Pied Cuckoo-dove, Reinwardtoena browni
• Crested Cuckoo-dove, Reinwardtoena crassirostris

Genus Turacoena

• White-faced Cuckoo-dove, Turacoena manadensis
• Black Cuckoo-dove, Turacoena modesta

Genus Turtur

• Emerald-spotted Wood Dove, Turtur chalcospilos
• Black-billed Wood Dove, Turtur abyssinicus
• Blue-spotted Wood Dove, Turtur afer
• Tambourine Dove, Turtur tympanistria
• Blue-headed Wood Dove, Turtur brehmeri

Genus Oena

• Namaqua Dove, Oena capensis

Genus Chalcophaps

• Emerald Dove, Chalcophaps indica
• Stephan's Dove, Chalcophaps stephani

Genus Henicophaps

• New Guinea Bronzewing, Henicophaps albifrons
• New Britain Bronzewing, Henicophaps foersteri

Genus Phaps, bronzewing pigeons

• Common Bronzewing, Phaps chalcoptera
• Brush Bronzewing, Phaps elegans
• Flock Bronzewing, Phaps histrionica

Genus Ocyphaps

• Crested Pigeon, Ocyphaps lophotes

Genus Geophaps

• Spinifex Pigeon, Geophaps plumifera
• Squatter Pigeon, Geophaps scripta
• Partridge Pigeon, Geophaps smithii

Genus Petrophassa, rock pigéons

• Chestnut-quilled Rock Pigeon, Petrophassa rufipennis
• White-quilled Rock Pigeon, Petrophassa albipennis

Genus Geopelia

• Diamond Dove, Geopelia cuneata
• Zebra Dove, Geopelia striata
• Peaceful Dove, Geopelia placida
• Barred Dove, Geopelia maugei
• Bar-shouldered Dove, Geopelia humeralis

Genus Leucosarcia

• Wonga Pigeon, Leucosarcia melanoleuca

Nestlings and mother Mourning Dove

Genus Zenaida

• Socorro Dove, Zenaida graysoni
• Eared Dove, Zenaida auriculata
• Zenaida Dove, Zenaida aurita
• Galapagos Dove, Zenaida galapagoensis
• White-winged Dove, Zenaida asiatica
• Pacific Dove, Zenaida meloda
• Mourning Dove, Zenaida macroura

Genus Ectopistes

• Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius (extinct)

Genus Columbina Ground Doves

• Common Ground Dove, Columbina passerina
• Plain-breasted Ground Dove, Columbina minuta
• Ecuadorian Ground Dove, Columbina buckleyi
• Ruddy Ground Dove, Columbina talpacoti
• Picui Dove, Columbina picui
• Croaking Ground Dove, Columbina cruziana
• Blue-eyed Ground Dove, Columbina cyanopis

Genus Claravis

• Blue Ground Dove, Claravis pretiosa
• Purple-winged Ground Dove, Claravis godefrida
• Maroon-chested Ground Dove, Claravis mondetoura

Genus Metropelia

• Bare-faced Ground Dove, Metriopelia ceciliae
• Moreno's Ground Dove, Metriopelia morenoi
• Black-winged Ground Dove, Metriopelia melanoptera
• Golden-spotted Ground Dove, Metriopelia aymara

Genus Scardafella

• Inca Dove, Scardafella inca
• Scaled Dove, Scardafella squammata

Genus Uropelia

• Long-tailed Ground Dove, Uropelia campestris

Genus Leptotila

• White-tipped Dove, Leptotila verreauxi
• White-faced Dove, Leptotila megalura
• Grey-fronted Dove, Leptotila rufaxilla
• Grey-headed Dove, Leptotila plumbeiceps
• Pallid Dove, Leptotila pallida
• Brown-backed Dove, Leptotila battyi
• Grenada Dove, Leptotila wellsi
• Caribbean Dove, Leptotila jamaicensis
• Grey-chested Dove, Leptotila cassini
• Ochre-bellied Dove, Leptotila ochraceiventris
• Tolima Dove, Leptotila conoveri

Genus Geotrygon, quail-doves

• Purplish-backed Quail-dove, Geotrygon lawrencii
• Veracruz Quail-dove, Geotrygon carrikeri
• Costa Rica Quail-dove, Geotrygon costaricensis
• Russet-crowned Quail-dove, Geotrygon goldmani
• Sapphire Quail-dove, Geotrygon saphirina
• Grey-headed Quail-dove, Geotrygon caniceps
• Crested Quail-dove, Geotrygon versicolor
• Rufous-breasted Quail-dove, Geotrygon chiriquensis
• Olive-backed Quail-dove, Geotrygon veraguensis
• White-faced Quail-dove, Geotrygon albifacies
• Lined Quail-dove, Geotrygon linearis
• White-throated Quail-dove, Geotrygon frenata
• Key West Quail-dove, Geotrygon chrysia
• Bridled Quail-dove, Geotrygon mystacea
• Violaceous Quail-dove, Geotrygon violacea
• Ruddy Quail-dove, Geotrygon montana

Genus Starnoenas

• Blue-headed Quail Dove, Starnoenas cyanocephala

Genus Caloenas

Nicobar Pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica).

• Nicobar Pigeon, Caloenas nicobarica

Genus Gallicolumba

• Luzon Bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba luzonica
• Mindanao Bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba criniger
• Mindoro Bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba platenae
• Negros Bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba keayi
• Sulu Bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba menagei
• Cinnamon Ground Dove, Gallicolumba rufigula
• Sulawesi Ground Dove, Gallicolumba tristigmata
• White-bibbed Ground Dove, Gallicolumba jobiensis
• Caroline Ground Dove, Gallicolumba kubaryi
• Polynesian Ground Dove, Gallicolumba erythroptera
• White-throated Ground Dove, Gallicolumba xanthonura
• Friendly Ground Dove, Gallicolumba stairi
• Tanna Ground Dove, Gallicolumba ferruginea (extinct)
• Santa Cruz Ground Dove, Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis
• Thick-billed Ground Dove, Gallicolumba salamonis (extinct)
• Marquesas Ground Dove, Gallicolumba rubescens
• Bronze Ground Dove, Gallicolumba beccarii
• Palau Ground Dove, Gallicolumba canifrons
• Wetar Ground Dove, Gallicolumba hoedtii
• Norfolk Island Ground Dove, Gallicolumba norfolciensis (extinct)

Genus Trugon

• Thick-billed Ground Pigeon, Trugon terrestris

Genus Microgoura

• Choiseul Pigeon, Microgoura meeki (probably extinct)

Subfamily Otidiphabinae - pheasant pigeon

Genus Otidiphaps

• Pheasant Pigeon, Otidiphaps nobilis

Subfamily Gourinae - crowned pigeons

Victoria Crowned Pigeon Goura victoria in a zoo aviary.

Genus Goura crowned pigéons

• Western Crowned Pigeon, Goura cristata
• Southern Crowned Pigeon, Goura scheepmakeri
• Victoria Crowned Pigeon, Goura victoria

Subfamily Didunculinae - tooth-billed pigeon

Genus Didunculus

• Tooth-billed Pigeon, Didunculus strigirostris

Subfamily Treroninae - green & fruit doves

Genus Phapitreron

• White-eared Brown Dove, Phapitreron leucotis
• Amethyst Brown Dove, Phapitreron amethystina
• Dark-eared Brown Dove, Phapitreron cinereiceps

Genus Treron green pigéons

• Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon, Treron fulvicollis
• Little Green Pigeon, Treron olax
• Pink-necked Green Pigeon, Treron vernans
• Orange-breasted Green Pigeon, Treron bicincta
• Pompadour Green Pigeon, Treron pompadora
• Thick-billed Green Pigeon, Treron curvirostra
• Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon, Treron griseicauda
• Sumba Green Pigeon, Treron teysmannii
• Flores Green Pigeon, Treron floris
• Timor Green Pigeon, Treron psittacea
• Large Green Pigeon, Treron capellei
• Yellow-footed Green Pigeon, Treron phoenicoptera
• Bruce's Green Pigeon, Treron waalia
• Madagascar Green Pigeon, Treron australis
• African Green Pigeon, Treron calva
• Pemba Green Pigeon, Treron pembaensis
• Sao Tome Green Pigeon, Treron sanctithomae
• Pin-tailed Green Pigeon, Treron apicauda
• Sumatran Green Pigeon, Treron oxyura
• Yellow-vented Green Pigeon, Treron seimundi
• Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon, Treron sphenura
• White-bellied Green Pigeon, Treron sieboldii
• Whistling Green Pigeon, Treron formosae

Genus Ptilinopus, fruit doves

• Black-backed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus cinctus
• Black-banded Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus alligator
• Red-naped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus dohertyi
• Pink-headed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus porphyreus
• Flame-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus marchei
• Cream-bellied Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus merrilli
• Yellow-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus occipitalis
• Red-eared Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus fischeri
• Jambu Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus jambu
• Maroon-chinned Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus subgularis
• Black-chinned Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus leclancheri
• Scarlet-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus bernsteinii
• Wompoo Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus magnificus
• Pink-spotted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus perlatus
• Ornate Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus ornatus
• Tanna Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus tannensis
• Orange-fronted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus aurantiifrons
• Wallace's Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus wallacii
• Superb Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus superbus
• Many-coloured Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus perousii
• Purple-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus porphyraceus
• Palau Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus pelewensis
• Rarotonga Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus rarotongensis
• Mariana Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus roseicapilla
• Rose-crowned Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus regina
• Silver-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus richardsii
• Grey-green Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus purpuratus
• Makatea Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus chalcurus
• Atoll Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus coralensis
• Red-bellied Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus greyii
• Rapa Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus huttoni
• White-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii
• Red-moustached Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus mercierii
• Henderson Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus insularis
• Coroneted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus coronulatus
• Beautiful Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus pulchellus
• Blue-capped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus monacha
• White-bibbed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus rivoli
• Yellow-bibbed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus solomonensis
• Claret-breasted Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus viridis
• White-headed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus eugeniae
• Orange-bellied Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus iozonus
• Knob-billed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus insolitus
• Grey-headed Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus hyogaster
• Carunculated Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus granulifrons
• Black-naped Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus melanospila
• Dwarf Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus nanus
• Negros Fruit Dove, Ptilinopus arcanus
• Orange Dove, Ptilinopus victor
• Golden Dove, Ptilinopus luteovirens
• Whistling Dove, Ptilinopus layardi

Genus Drepanoptila

• Cloven-feathered Dove, Drepanoptila holosericea

Genus Alectroenas blue pigéons

• Madagascar Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas madagascariensis
• Comoro Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas sganzini
• Seychelles Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas pulcherrima

Genus Ducula imperial pigéons

Salah sahiji anggota famili japati nu di urang katelah Puter, nu mun disilangkeun jeung japati bakal ngahasilkeun Dederuk.

• Pink-bellied Imperial Pigeon, Ducula poliocephala
• White-bellied Imperial Pigeon, Ducula forsteni
• Mindoro Imperial Pigeon, Ducula mindorensis
• Grey-headed Imperial Pigeon, Ducula radiata
• Grey-necked Imperial Pigeon, Ducula carola
• Green Imperial Pigeon, Ducula aenea
• White-eyed Imperial Pigeon, Ducula perspicillata
• Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon, Ducula concinna
• Pacific Imperial Pigeon, Ducula pacifica
• Micronesian Imperial Pigeon, Ducula oceanica
• Polynesian Imperial Pigeon, Ducula aurorae
• Nukuhiva Imperial Pigeon, Ducula galeata
• Red-knobbed Imperial Pigeon, Ducula rubricera
• Spice Imperial Pigeon, Ducula myristicivora
• Purple-tailed Imperial Pigeon, Ducula rufigaster
• Cinnamon-bellied Imperial Pigeon, Ducula basilica
• Finsch's Imperial Pigeon, Ducula finschii
• Shinning Imperial Pigeon, Ducula chalconota
• Island Imperial Pigeon, Ducula pistrinaria
• Pink-headed Imperial Pigeon, Ducula rosacea
• Christmas Imperial Pigeon, Ducula whartoni
• Grey Imperial Pigeon, Ducula pickeringii
• Peale's Imperial Pigeon, Ducula latrans

Gambar:NZ-pigeon.JPG

Kererū, New Zealand Pigeon.

• Chestnut-bellied Imperial Pigeon, Ducula brenchleyi
• Vanuatu Imperial Pigeon, Ducula bakeri
• New Caledonian Imperial Pigeon, Ducula goliath
• Pinon's Imperial Pigeon, Ducula pinon
• Bismarck Imperial Pigeon, Ducula melanochroa
• Collared Imperial Pigeon, Ducula mullerii
• Zoe's Imperial Pigeon, Ducula zoeae
• Mountain Imperial Pigeon, Ducula badia
• Dark-backed Imperial Pigeon, Ducula lacernulata
• Timor Imperial Pigeon, Ducula cineracea
• Pied Imperial Pigeon, Ducula bicolor
• Torresian Imperial Pigeon, Ducula spilorrhoa
• White Imperial Pigeon, Ducula luctuosa

Genus Lopholaimus

• Topknot Pigeon, Lopholaimus antarcticus

Genus Hemiphaga

• New Zealand Pigeon, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae

Genus Cryptophaps

• Sombre Pigeon, Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa

Genus Gymnophaps, mountain pigéons

• Papuan Mountain Pigeon, Gymnophaps albertisii
• Long-tailed Mountain Pigeon, Gymnophaps mada
• Pale Mountain Pigeon, Gymnophaps solomonensis

Baca ogé

• Balap japati
• Japati pos

Rujukan

• Rock pigeon, Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (8 Maret 2006).
• Collins Bird Guide karya Mullarney, Svensson, Zetterström & Grant. ISBN 0-00-219728-6
• Columba livia (TSN 177071). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Dibuka ping 9 Pébruari 2006.

Tumbu kaluar

• Why do pigeons bob their heads? (ti The Straight Dope)
• BBC Life and Nature (ti BBC)