Bénzéna

Bénzéna
Umum
Ngaran sistimatik	Bénzéna
Ngaran lian	Bénzol
Rumus molekul	C6H6
SMILES	C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI	InChI=1/C6H6 /c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
Massa molar	78.11 g/mol
Panémbong	Cair teu warnaan
Nomer CAS	[71-43-2]
Pasipatan
Dénsitas jeung pase	0.8786 g/cm³, cair
Kaluyuran dina cai	1.79 g/l (25 °C)
Titik lééh	5.5 °C (278.6 K)
Titik golak	80.1 °C (353.2 K)
Viskositas	0.652 cP at 20 °C
Struktur
Bentuk molekul	Planar
Gugus simétri	D6h
Momen dipol	0 D
Bahya
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Gampang kaduruk Karsinogén Mutagén Toksik
NFPA 704
Frase-R	R45, R46, R11, R36/38, R48/23/24/25, R65
Frase-S	S53, S45
Flash point	−11 °C
Autoignition temperature	561 °C
Nomer RTECS	CY1400000
Sanyawa nu patali
hidrokarbon nu patali	siklohéksana naptaléna
Sanyawaan nu patali	toluéna borazina
Iwal mun disebutkeun sacara husus, data anu dipidangkeun téh pikeun bahan dina kaayaan baku (25°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Bénzéna atawa bénzén, ogé katelah C₆H₆, PhH jeung bénzol mangrupa sanyawa organik nu wujudna cair teu warnaan, gampang kaduruk, sarta seungit kaambeuna. Bénzéna téh karsinogén, sahingga geus teu dipaké salaku aditif pikeun béngsin. Bénzéna kaasup salah sahiji pangleyur industri penting sarta bahan baku pikeun produksi ubar, plastik, karét sintétik, jeung pewarna. Bénzéna téh aya dina minyak bumi, tapi pikeun kaperluan industri mah sok disintésis tina sanyawaan séjén nu aya dina minyak bumi.

Sajarah

Bénzéna kapanggih taun 1825 ku élmuwan Inggris Michael Faraday, nu ngisolasi tina gas minyak sarta dingaranan bicarburet of hydrogen. Taun 1833, kimiawan Jérman Eilhard Mitscherlich mroduksi ieu sanyawa tina distilasi asam bénzoat jeung kapur. Ku Mitscherlich ieu sanyawaan dingaranan benzin. Taun 1845, kimiawan Inggris Charles Mansfield, nu digawé ka August Wilhelm von Hofmann, ngisolasi bénzéna tina coal tar. Opat taun salajengna, Mansfield mitambeyan produksi bénzéna skala industri, dumasar kana métode coal-tar.

Rujukan

• Benzene, Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (23 Méi 2006).
• Archibald Scott Couper, On a New Chemical Theory, Philosophical Magazine 16, 104-116 (1858)
• Josef Loschmidt, Chemische Studien I, Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna (1861),
• Josef Loschmidt, Chemische Studien I, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee (1989), catalog no. Z-18576-0, and (1913) catalog no. Z-18577-9
• Kathleen Lonsdale, "The Structure of the Benzene Ring in Hexamethylbenzene," Proceedings of the Royal Society 123A: 494 (1929).
• Kathleen Lonsdale, "An X-Ray Analysis of the Structure of Hexachlorobenzene, Using the Fourier Method," Proceedings of the Royal Society 133A: 536 (1931).

Tumbu kaluar

• ATSDR - Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Benzene Toxicity
• Benzene Archived 2007-02-02 di Wayback Machine
• Benzene Material Safety Data Sheet
• International Chemical Safety Card 0015
• National Pollutant Inventory - Benzene
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• IARC Monograph: "Benzene" Archived 2005-10-12 di Wayback Machine
• European Chemicals Bureau
• CID 241 ti PubChem
• Computational Chemistry Wiki
• Couper and Carbon bonds
• Dept. of Health and Human Services: TR-289: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzene
• Kekule, Couper and dreams of Benzene
• Loschmidt's Benzene structure Archived 2009-01-02 di Wayback Machine
• Kekulés Traum (impian Kekulé, dina basa Jérman)
• video podcast (Ceramah Sir john Cadogan taun 1991)