Fluor
Fluor nyaéta hiji unsur kimia dina tabél périodik anu miboga simbul F jeung nomor atom 9.[13] Fluor mangrupa gas halogén racunan univalen, warnana konéng-héjo pias, jeung mangrupa unsur pangréaktifna sarta miboga éléktronégativitas pangluhurna.[14] Fluor gampang ngawangun sanyawa jeung ampir sakabéh unsur séjénna, malah mah jeung gas mulya ogé siga kripton, xénon, sarta radon.[14] Saking réaktifna, kaca, logam, cai, jeung zat lianna ogé bakal kabeuleum sarta hurung caang dina diréaksikeun jeung gas fluor.[14] Dina larutan, fluor biasana kajadian minangka ion fluorida F-.[14] Fluorida mangrupa sanyawa anu kajadian antara fluorida jeung unsur lian nu muatanna positif.[14] Produksi fluor taunan dunya kurang leuwih 4 yuta ton.[14] Panghasil fluorit utama dunya di antarana nyaéta Tiongkok, Méksiko jeung Éropah Kulon.[14] Fluor kajadian sacara alami di kerak marcapada jeung bisa kapanggih dina batuan, batu bara, jeung taneuh liat.[14] Fluor mangrupa unsur ka-13 pang-ngaleuyana di kerak marcapada ku konséntrasi 950 ppm.[14] Taneuh ngandung kira-kira 330 ppm fluor.[14] Sedengkeun taneuh anu kakontaminasi bisa ngandung fluor nepi ka 3500 ppm.[14] Fluorida hidrogen biasa dileupaskeun ka udara liwat prosés pameuleuman dina industri.[14] Fluorida anu aya di udara dina antukna mah bakal turun kana taneuh atawa kana cai.[14]
 Liquid fluorine (at extremely low temperatures) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fluorine | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ucapan | ||||||||||||||||||
| Alotrop | alpha, beta | |||||||||||||||||
| Katémbong | gas: very pale yellow liquid: bright yellow solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent | |||||||||||||||||
| Beurat atom baku Ar, std(F) | 18.998403163(6)[1] | |||||||||||||||||
| Nomer massa | F: | |||||||||||||||||
| Fluorine in the periodic table | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Atomic number (Z) | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Golongan | group 17 (halogens) | |||||||||||||||||
| Periode | period 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Blok | p-block | |||||||||||||||||
| Kategori unsur | Reactive nonmetal | |||||||||||||||||
| Konpigurasi éléktron | [He] 2s2 2p5[2] | |||||||||||||||||
| Éléktron per kulit | 2, 7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Pasipatan pisik | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pase at STP | F: Gas | |||||||||||||||||
| Titik lé'éh | (F2) 53.48 K (−219.67 °C, −363.41 °F)[3] | |||||||||||||||||
| Titik golak | (F2) 85.03 K (−188.11 °C, −306.60 °F)[3] | |||||||||||||||||
| Dénsitas (at STP) | 1.696 g/L[4] | |||||||||||||||||
| when liquid (at b.p.) | 1.505 g/cm3[5] | |||||||||||||||||
| Titik tripel | 53.48 K, 90 kPa[3] | |||||||||||||||||
| Titik kritis | 144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa[3] | |||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 6.51 kJ/mol[4] | |||||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | Cp: 31 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C) Cv: 23 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C) | |||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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| Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | −1 (oxidizes oxygen) | |||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 3.98[2] | |||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies | ||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 64 pm[7] | |||||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 135 pm[8] | |||||||||||||||||
 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other properties | ||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | F: Primordial | |||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | cubic | |||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 0.02591 W/(m·K)[9] | |||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)[10][11] | |||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 7782-41-4[2] | |||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||
| Naming | after the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting) | |||||||||||||||||
| Discovery | André-Marie Ampère (1810) | |||||||||||||||||
| First isolation | Henri Moissan[2] (June 26, 1886) | |||||||||||||||||
| Named by | Humphry Davy | |||||||||||||||||
| Main isotopes of fluorine[12] | ||||||||||||||||||
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RujukanÉdit
- ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ a b c d Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
- ↑ a b c d Haynes 2011, p. 4.121.
- ↑ a b Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 382.
- ↑ a b c Compressed Gas Association 1999, p. 365.
- ↑ Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
- ↑ Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
- ↑ Matsui 2006, p. 257.
- ↑ Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
- ↑ Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
- ↑ Cheng et al. 1999.
- ↑ Chisté & Bé 2011.
- ↑ "Tabel Periodik (Indonesian Periodic Table)". PTable. Diakses tanggal 3/12/2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Fluor (F): Fakta, Sifat, Kegunaan & Efek Kesehatannya". Amazine. Diakses tanggal 3/12/2016.
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