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Sérok raja mantri

Sérok raja mantri
Kantong luhur Nepenthes mirabilis
Status konservasi
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiospermae
(unranked):
Eudikotil
(unranked):
Inti eudikotil
Ordo:
Caryophyllales
Kulawarga:
Nepenthaceae
Génus:
Nepenthes
Spésiés:
N. mirabilis
Ngaran binomial
Nepenthes mirabilis
(Lour.) Rafarin (1869)[a]
Distribusi N. mirabilis.
Sinonim

Sérok raja mantri; Kantong semar rawa umum; Nepenthes mirabilisnyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga nepenthaceae spésiés karnivora.[11]Nepenthes mirabilis tina basa Latin: mirabilis = éndah),ieu tutuwuhan katelah ogé Kantong semar rawa umum.[12] Ieu tutuwuhan pang lobana kapanggih hirup di wewengkon Asia Tenggara, utamana di pulao-pulo Kapuloan Melayu (kajaba Kapuloan Sunda lwutik jeung Philipina kalér), kitu deui ti kapuloan Tiongkok di kalér sarta Australia di kidul.[13] Dina sebaranna ieu tutuwuhan mibanda rupa-rupa variétas, salah sahiji anu penting tayalian N. mirabilis var. echinostoma ieu endemik di Brunei jeung Sarawakkalawan mibanda hiji peristom anu kacila lega.[14]

Status konservasi N. mirabilis kagolongkeun kana Risiko Rendah di 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[15] Di Hong Kong, spésiés ieu aya dina panangtayungan dumasar kana Peraturan Kehutanan Cap. 96A. Numutkeun Matthew Jebb jeung Martin Cheek, sésérok jaya mantri/ N. mirabilis dimangpaatkeun pikeun dumpel kotéka di Papua Nugini.

Sebaran

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Nepenthes mirabilis mibanda daérah sebaran anu lega ti sakabek spésiés Nepenthes sarta dipikawanoh di nagara-nagara : Australia (Semenanjung York), Borneo, Kamboja, Kepulauan Caroline (Palau jeung Yap), Tiongkok (Provinsi Guangdong, Hainan,[16][17] Hong Kong, ogé Macau), Kepulauan D'Entrecasteaux, Pulau Jawa, Laos, Kepulauan Louisiade, Kepulauan Maluku, Myanmar, Papua Nugini, Semenanjung Malaysia, Philipina (Dinagat jeung Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, ogé Vietnam.[13][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Ieu spésiés ogé katiténan kapanggih hirup di pulo-pulo, saperti: Babi, Bangka, Pulau Banyak, Pulau Batu, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Kepulauan Mentawai (Pagai Utara, Siberut, Sipura, dan Pagai Selatan), Kepulauan Meranti (Padang, Rangsang, dan Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Kepulauan Riau (Pulau Lingga dan Kepulauan Riau), Rupat,[25] Tawi-Tawi,[26] dan mungkin Wowoni.[27]

Taksonomi

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Nepenthes mirabilis aya patula patalina anu kuat jeung N. rowanae ogé N. tenax, dua spésiés Nepenthes anu endemik di Australia.

Bédana N.mirabilis jeung N. rowanae (Clarke & Kruger , 2005)
Ciri-ciri N. mirabilis N. rowanae
Morfologi lambaran daun Lemes bulenek Karijut katungtungnakeun, nepika palebah rambatan/sulur anu heureut, lemes, turmanjang
Rambatan/sulur kana daun Sederhana Kawas taméng
Jangjang kantong Sederhana, élemén bantalan sisina multiseluler Remen katempo rata di palebah hereupna ngawujud T jeung XS, remen ogé katempo élemén sinina anu multiseluler
Tékstur lambaran daun Ilaharna centang ka luhur Katempo heuras
Tambahan lambaran daun tangkal Sederhana, atawa jarang katempo manjang ⅓ panjang bukuna Manjang sahenteuna ½ panjang bukuna, ilaharna leuwih
Massa jenis kelenjar dina kantongna 1600-2500/cm² kurangleuwih 3600/cm²
Tempat puhu kantong dina kantong luhur Jalan sedeng, di handap ½ kantong Diluhur ¼ kantong
Tempat puhu kantong dina kantong handap Dihandap ¾ kantong Dihandap peristom

Dina Database tutuwuhan karnivora-na, ahli taksonomi Jan Schlauer merenahkeun N. kongkandana salaku sinonim tina ‘’N. mirabilis’’[28]

Jinis Taksa Handap

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Di tempat nyebar tur ngarekahanna, N. mirabilis nembongkeun variabilitas anu gedé dina morfologi jeung kelir kantong, ogé mibanda panglobana sinonim tina sakabéh spésiés Nepenthes.[29] Kitu deui wujud jeung jinis N. mirabilis anu kungsi dibéjérbéaskeun. kalawan henteu kaasup tina N. mirabilis var. echinostoma ogé N. mirabilis var. globosa, taksa ieu henteu dianggap bener mangsa kiwari.

  • Nepenthes mirabilis f. anamensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
  • Nepenthes mirabilis var. anamensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
  • Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
  • Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma (Hook.f.) Hort.Slack ex J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
  • Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa M.Catal. (2010)[30]
  • Nepenthes mirabilis f. simensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
  • Nepenthes mirabilis var. simensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
  • Nepenthes mirabilis f. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Westphal (2000)
  • Nepenthes mirabilis var. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985)

N. mirabilis var. echinostoma

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Kantong luhur N. mirabilis var. echinostoma

Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma mimiti dipedar ku Odoardo Beccari dina taun 1865 kalawan didéskripsikeun salaku spésiés kalawan maké ngaran latin N. echinostoma, ku Joseph Dalton Hooker dina taun 1873.[12] Dina taun 1882, Frederick William Burbidge ngaguar variétas anu henteu biasa dina The Gardener' Chronicle tayalian:[12][31]

N. echinostoma singular Beccari (vide Herb. Kew) éta spésiés anu éndah, tacan dipikanyaho saméméhna, kuring nyangka henteu katempo ku Beccari! Liang kantong katempo kawas salahsahiji huntu defleksi sababaraha lukut raksasa tina hipnoid.

Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma hiji-hijina spésiés anu aya di Brunei. Spésiés ini ogé geus kapanggih di Sarawak, ngan kawasna moal aya di daérah Sabah.[12]

N. mirabilis var. globosa

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Kantong handap budidaya N. mirabilis var. globosa
 
 
Kantong Nepenthes mirabilis dipaké nyangu ku Suku Jarai Provinsi Kon Tum, Vietnam

Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa Kanyahoan ti daérah Laut Andaman salaku leuweung tutupan, Phang Nga, ogé ti daratan Thailand deukeut kota Trang.[13][30]

Variétas ieu tayalian anu aya dina bungkus Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society édisi Januari 2006, diguar salaku "Nepenthes sp. ti Thailand".[32] ngaran Nepenthes globosa bijil dina hiji artikel ku Shigeo Kurata, Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society dina bulan Juli 2007.[8] Masalah anu sarua ogé kapanggih dina hiji artikel ku Masahiro Tada anu disebut salaku"Nepenthes Viking".[10] Samemeh diguar ku Marcello Catalano dina taun 2010, takson ieu ogé disebutkeun sacara henteu resmi: Nepenthes sp. Phanga Nga dina buku Stewart McPherson taun 2009, Pitcher Plants of the Old World.[13]

Dina urusan balantik hortikultura, variétas ieu dipikanyaho salaku Nepenthes globosa[13] (/n[invalid input: 'ɨ']ˈpɛnθiːz ɡloʊˈboʊzə/; tina basa Latin: globosus, "bola") jeung Nepenthes sp. Viking,[13][33] saenggeusna nempo kamiripan kantong jeung haluan kapal Viking.[34]

Infauna kantong

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Sérok raja mantri

Kalolobaan organisme infauna geus dipikanyaho di jero kantong spésiés ini. Organisme dimaksud kayaning laleur sarkofagid Sarcophaga papuensis jeung tungau Nepenthacarus warreni, anu kaduana geus kapanggih dina populasi tutuwuhan Australia.[35][36] Kitu deui, reungit Aedes dybasi jeung Aedes maehleri aya di jero kantong N. mirabilis dina pulo pulo jeung Yap.[37] duanana mibanda sajarah anu teu bisa jeung sifat-sifat Morfologi anu aya patalina.[38][39]

Nematoda Baujardia mirabilis geus diguar tina N. mirabilis di Thailand. Organisme ieu henteu dianggap hiji kabeneran; kantong spésiés ieu kawasna habitat alami ieu nematoda. Mikroekosistem di jero kantongna loba kapanggih larva reungit, jeung B. mirabilis. ieu nambah deu sangkaan yén nematoda ieu meureunmibanda hubungan foretik jeng salahsahiji atawa leuwih spésiés gegeremet infauna.[40]

Di Tiongkok kidul, cakung ogé geus katitenan aya dina éta kantong N. mirabilis. Amfibi ieu henteu jadi mangsa ieu tutuwuhan, ngan saukur ngamangsa gegeremet anu memang katewak ku kantongna.[41] Amfibi ieu teu kapangaruhanku cai anu aya dina éta kantong, padahal mibanda sifat haseum/asam (meureun mibanda pH anu saeutik 2), atawa alatan lapisan kulit luarna anu lucir jadi panghalang kana ieu cakung.[42]

Catetang anggalna ngeunaan supa cai hirup di organ kantong karnivora anu asalna tina spésimen N. mirabilis anu hirup disapanjang susukan Jardine di Australia. Supa miselium ieu katitenan duaduana hirup bebas di jero cai salaku pitapak pikeun gegeremet berkitin tetep.[43][44]

Kantong N. mirabilis geus dipikanyaho kapanggih ngumpulna rupa-rupa baktéri anu kompleks.[45] Rupa-rupa baktéri katempo leuwih loba jinisna tibatan anu kapanggih dina cairan kantong N. ampullaria dan N. gracilis simpatrik di Semenanjung Malaysia.[46] Komposisi dina N. mirabilis ogé bisa waé aya loba bédana gumantung kana rupa kantongna, hiji hal anu henteu katempo dina dua spésiés séjénna.[46]

Hibrida alami

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Nepenthes mirabilis Mangifera caesia banda sababaraha hibrida alami panglobana tina spesies anu aya dina genus Nepenthes.[13]

  •  
    N. benstonei × N. mirabilis
  •  
    N. gracilis × N. mirabilis
  •  
    N. mirabilis × N. northiana
  •  
    N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana
  •  
    N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana
  •  
    N. mirabilis × N. sumatrana
  •  
    ? N. mirabilis × N. thorelii
  •  
    ? N. mirabilis × N. tomoriana

Catetan

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a.^ Nepenthes mirabilis munggaran diguar dina katangtuan sistem taksonomi Linnaeus salaku Phyllamphora mirabilis ku João de Loureiro dina taun 1790. Spésiés tuluy dipindahkeun genusna Nepenthes dumasar kana kasalahan kombinasi Nepenthes phyllamphora ku Carl Ludwig Willdenow dina taun 1805.[13][14][49][52][62] ngabenerkeun deui publikasi mimiti kalayan binomial anu bener —Nepenthes mirabilis— ka George Claridge Druce dina taun 1916,[63] ngan waé Database tutuwuhan Karnivora jieunan Jan Schlauer kacatet ngaguar jauh leuwih anggal ku Rafarin dina taun 1869.[64]

Dicutat tina

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  1. ↑ Danser, B.H. 1928. 1. Nepenthes alata Blanco. [pp. 258–262] In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  2. ↑ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616–622. Citakan:DOI
  3. ↑ Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
  4. ↑ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes alata. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  5. ↑ Bailey, F.M. 1881. On a new species of Nepenthes. The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 5: 185–187.
  6. ↑ a b Citakan:La icon Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
  7. ↑ a b c d Citakan:La icon Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
  8. ↑ a b Citakan:Jp icon Kurata, S. 2007. ネペンテス ・ ノート （XIV） — Nepenthes globosa のネーミングについて. Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society 58(3): 76.
  9. ↑ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  10. ↑ a b Citakan:Jp icon Tada, M. 2007. 日本における Nepenthes Viking の渡来と現状について. Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society 58(3): 75.
  11. ↑ Aanteekeningen over het nut, door de bewoners van Java aan eenige planten van dat eiland toegeschreven. Universitas Oxford: J. Müller. 1845. p. 109.  Disungsi8 April 2021
  12. ↑ a b c d Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  15. ↑ Clarke et al. (2000). Nepenthes mirabilis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Dipulut ping 12 May 2006.
  16. ↑ Nepenthes mirabilis Archived 2013-07-28 di Wayback Machine. Flora of China.
  17. ↑ Citakan:Cn icon Yang G., Huang S., Xu S. & Gao Y. 2006. 海南岛野生猪笼草资源调查及其营养成分分析. [The investigation and study on the germplasm resources and growth of the wild common Nepenthes in Hainan.] Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 22(11): 440–442. Abstract Archived 2021-03-25 di Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. pp. 79–80.
  19. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  20. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  21. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sulawesi. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  22. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  23. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  24. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  25. ↑ Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.
  26. ↑ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. Citakan:DOI
  27. ↑ (Basa Indonésia) Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
  28. ↑ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes kongkandana Archived 2013-12-28 di Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  29. ↑ Catalano, M. 2009. Nepenthes. In: Growing Carnivores — an Italian perspective. Prague. pp. 50–57.
  30. ↑ a b Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa M. Catal. var. nov.PDF In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 40.
  31. ↑ Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
  32. ↑ Citakan:Jp icon Cover of the January 2006 issue of the Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society. Insectivorous Plant Society.
  33. ↑ Mey, F.S. 2011. Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa, a popular plant?. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 24, 2011.
  34. ↑ Guerini, M. 2011.2010: new species of Carnivorous Plants.PDF Associazione Italiana Piante Carnivore.
  35. ↑ Yeates, D.K., H. de Souza Lopes & G.B. Monteith 1989. A commensal sarcophagid (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Nepenthes mirabilis (Nepenthaceae) pitchers in Australia. Australian Entomological Magazine 16: 33–39.
  36. ↑ Fashing, N.J. 2002. Nepenthacarus, a new genus of Histiostomatidae (Acari: Astigmata) inhabiting the pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce in Far North Queensland, Australia.PDF (1.64 MB) Australian Journal of Entomology 41(1): 7–17. Citakan:DOI
  37. ↑ Sota, T. & M. Mogi 2006. Origin of pitcher plant mosquitoes in Aedes (Stegomyia): a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Journal of Medical Entomology 43(5): 795–800. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[795:OOPPMI]2.0.CO;2
  38. ↑ Bohart, R.M. 1956. Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Culicidae.PDF Insects Micronesia 12(1): 1–85.
  39. ↑ Mogi, M. 2010. Unusual life history traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting Nepenthes pitchers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103(4): 618–624. Citakan:DOI
  40. ↑ Bert, W., I.T. De Ley, R. Van Driessche, H. Segers & P. De Ley 2003. Baujardia mirabilis gen. n., sp. n. from pitcher plants and its phylogenetic position within Panagrolaimidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida).PDF Nematology 5(3): 405–420. Citakan:DOI
  41. ↑ Hua, Y. & H. Li 2005. Food web and fluid in pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis in Zhuhai, China.PDF Acta Botanica Gallica 152(2): 165–175.
  42. ↑ Hua, Y. & L. Kuizheng 2004. The Special Relationship Between Nepenthes and Tree Frogs.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 33(1): 23–24.
  43. ↑ Cribbs, A.B. 1987. An aquatic fungus from pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis. Queensland Naturalist 28: 72–73.
  44. ↑ Schnell, D.E. 1992. Literature Review. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 21(3): 80–82.
  45. ↑ Yogiara, A. Suwanto & M.T. Suhartono 2006. A complex bacterial community living in pitcher plant fluid Archived 2011-08-19 di Wayback Machine. Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia 11(1): 9–14.
  46. ↑ a b Chou, L.Y., C.M. Clarke & G.A. Dykes 2014. Bacterial communities associated with the pitcher fluids of three Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant species growing in the wild. Archives of Microbiology 196(10): 709–717. Citakan:DOI
  47. ↑ Lauffenburger, A. 1995. Guide to Nepenthes Hybrids Archived 2016-06-20 di Wayback Machine. OmnisTerra.
  48. ↑ Kurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(1): 155–158. Abstract Archived 2011-07-22 di Wayback Machine
  49. ↑ a b Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
  50. ↑ Lowrie, A. 1983. Sabah Nepenthes Expeditions 1982 & 1983.PDF (1.25 MB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(4): 88–95.
  51. ↑ a b c d (It.) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
  52. ↑ a b c Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  53. ↑ Fretwell, S. 2013. Back in Borneo to see giant Nepenthes. Part 2: Mt Tambuyukon and Poring. Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal 108: 6–15.
  54. ↑ Rischer, H. 1995. Observations on the Nepenthes species of Irian Jaya, Part I: Nepenthes insignis Danser.PDF (461 KB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 24(3): 75–77.
  55. ↑ Lee, C.C. 2007. Re: The most accessible limestone hill of Bau Archived 2013-12-28 di Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
  56. ↑ a b c Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  57. ↑ Clarke, C.M. & R. Kruger 2005. Nepenthes rowanae (Nepenthaceae), a remarkable species from Cape York, Australia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(2): 36–41.
  58. ↑ a b Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
  59. ↑ Bednar, B. 1983. Nepenthes mirabilis variation.PDF (111 KB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 12(3): 64.
  60. ↑ N. thorelii rediscovered Archived 2012-02-23 di Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
  61. ↑ Mey, F.S. 2012. Virtual Nepenthes herbarium on "Europeana". Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 19, 2012.
  62. ↑ Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  63. ↑ Druce, G. 1916. Nepenthes mirabilis. In: Botanical Exchange Club of the British Isles Report 4: 637.
  64. ↑ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes mirabilis Archived 2013-12-24 di Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plant Database.

Bacaan salajengna

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Tutumbu ka luar

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