Pakistan
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Pakistan (Basa Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), ngaran resmina Républik Islam Pakistan nyaéta nagara républik di Asia Kidul, nu mangrupa tempat papanggihna wewengkon Asia Kidul jeung Asia Tengah sarta Wétan Tengah.[2][3] Nagara ieu mibanda 1,046 kilométer gari basisir sapanjang Sagara Arabia di béh kidul, diwawatesan ku Afganistan jeung Iran di béh kulon, India di béh wétan sarta Tiongkok jauh di béh wétan kaléreunana.[4]
Motto: Ittehad, Tanzim, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam (Urdu) "Kesatuan, Disiplin jeung Kayakinan" | |
Lagu: "Qaumi Tarana" | |
Ibukota | Islamabad |
Kota panggedéna | Karachi |
Basa resmi | Urdu, Inggris, Arab |
Pamaréntahan | Républik |
- Présidén | Mamnoon Hussain |
- Perdana Mentri | Mian Nawaz Sharif |
Ngadeg | |
- Merdika | ti United Kingdom |
- Didéklarasikeun | 14 Agustus 1947 |
- Républik Islam | 23 Maret 1956 |
Wewengkon | |
- Total | 803,9401 km² (ka-36) |
310,4031 sq mi | |
- Cai (%) | 3.1 |
Populasi | |
- Perkiraan taun 2007 | 156,770,000[1] (ka-6) |
- Kapadetan | 206/km² (ka-53) 534/sq mi |
GDP (PPP) | 2007 (éstimasi) |
- Total | $475.6 miliar (ka-25) |
- Perkapita | $3,004.5 (ka-128) |
HDI (2006) | 0.539 (ka-134) – sedeng |
Mata uang | Rupee (Rs.) (PKR )
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Wewengkon wanci | PST (UTC+5) |
- Summer (DST) | teu ditalungtik (UTC+6) |
Internét TLD | .pk |
Kode telepon | +92
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Pakistan mangrupa nagara pangpadetna kagenep di dunya sarta mangrupa nagara mayoritas Islam nu kadua pangpadetna. Wewengkonna mangrupa bagéan India Britania samemeh dibagi-bagi sarta mibanda sajarah pakampungan jeung peradaban nu panjang salila Peradaban Léngkob Indus. lolobana tina wewengkon nu aya kiwari beunang ku Pérsia jeung Yunani dina Milénium ka-1 SM sarta diatur ku maranéhannana salila sawatara abad. Keur sesa sajarahna, wewengkon ieu mangrupa bagéan tina karajaan India nu lega atawa di sahadapeun pupuhu lokal atawa regional. Nu datang jeung ngawasana satuluyna aya urang Arab, Afganistan, Turki, Baloch jeung Mongol. Wewengkon ieu asup kana India Britania dina abad ka-19. Tii saprak merdika, nagara ieu geus ngalaman dua périodeu tumuwuhna militer jeung ekonomi nu penting, sarta périodeu nu henteu stabil, ku ayana kaluarna Pakistan Wétan (kiwari Bangladésh).
Tempo ogé
éditRujukan
édit- ↑ Perkiraan Survey Ekonomi Pakistan 2006-2007, ku Kamentrian Keuangan Archived 2007-08-08 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ Encarta Encyclopedia - Pakistan Archived 2008-03-06 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ Middle East Institute: Pakistan Archived 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ The Kashmir region is claimed by India and Pakistan. Both countries and China separately administer parts of the region with the Indian and Pakistani held areas defined by the Line of Control. The Pakistani-Chinese border is not recognized by India.
Rujukan tambahan
édit- Cohen, Stephen P. The Idéa of Pakistan. The Brookings Institution. November 2004. ISBN 0-8157-1502-1.
- Banuazizi, Ali and Weiner, Myron. The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. Syracuse University Press. August 1988. ISBN 0-8156-2448-4.
- Halliday, Fred. State and Idéology in the Middle éast and Pakistan. Monthly Review Pr. Feb 1998. ISBN 0-85345-734-4.
- Hammond Incorporated. Hammond Gréater Middle éast Region: Including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Libya, and Turkey. American Map Corporation. August 2002. ISBN 0-8437-1827-7.
- Hilton, Isabel. "Letter from Pakistan: The Pashtun Code". The New Yorker. December 03, 2001. [1]
- Insight Guides, Halliday, Tony and Ikram, Tahir. Insight Guide Pakistan. Apa Productions. January 1998. ISBN 0-88729-736-6.
- Malik, Hafeez. Pakistan: Founders' Aspirations and Today's réalities. Oxford University Press, USA. May 2001. ISBN 0-19-579333-1.
- Malik, Iftikhar H. "Religious Minorities in Pakistan". Minority Rights Group International. September 2002. ISBN 1-897693-69-9. [2] Archived 2007-06-04 di Wayback Machine
- Najim, Adil. "Pakistan and Democracy". The News International Pakistan. May 06, 2004. [3] Archived 2006-06-28 di Wayback Machine
- Rooney, John. Shadows in the dark: A history of Christianity in Pakistan up to the 10th century. Christian Study Centre. January 1984. OCLC 12177250.
- Rahman, Tariq.1996. Language and Politics in Pakistan Karachi: Oxford University Press. Reprinted several times, latest repr. 2006.
- Rahman, Tariq .2002. Language, Ideology and Power: Language-learning Among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India Karachi: OUP.
- Rahman, Tariq .2004. Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Study of Education, Inequality and Polarization in Pakistan Karachi: OUP, 2006 repr.
- Sharif, Shuja. "Musharraf's Administration And Pakistan's Economy". Contemporary Review. Mar 31, 2005. 129–134.
- Wolpert, Stanley. Jinnah of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, USA. May 1984. ISBN 0-19-503412-0.
- Zakaria, Rafiq. The Man Who Divided India: An Insight into Jinnah’s Léadership and its Aftermath
- Statehood in South Asia Archived 2008-05-29 di Wayback Machine
- Strategic Insights, Volume III, Issue 10 (October 2004) https://paknews.buzz/
Tumbu luar
édit- Atlas Pakistan Wikimedia, ngandung peta ngeunaan Pakistan.
Portal Portal Portal Portal |
Pék paluruh émbaran nu leuwih loba ngeunaan Pakistan ku jalan nyungsi proyék sabaraya Wikipédia | |
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Définisi kamus ti Wiktionary | |
Buku téks ti Wikibooks | |
Cutatan ti Wikiquote | |
Téks sumber ti Wikisource | |
Gambar jeung média ti Commons | |
Warta ti Wikinews | |
Sumber pangajaran ti Wikiversity |
- Official sites
- Government of Pakistan
- President of Pakistan Archived 2008-07-05 di Wayback Machine
- Official Information Website of Pakistan
- General information
- History of Pakistan and present
- Pakistani Politics
- World Bank data on Pakistan
- Common Language Project Country Fact Sheet - Pakistan
- Informative Sites
- BeautifulPakistan.com Archived 2015-05-19 di Wayback Machine
- UrbanPK.com Archived 2006-11-08 di Wayback Machine
- About Pakistan
- Story of Pakistan
- News Sites
- Pakistan Times E-Newspaper
- DAWN English Daily
- The News International Archived 2008-05-14 di Wayback Machine
- The Daily Times
- Travel
Tempo ogé Pakistan di Wikivoyage