Walungan Rogue

Rogue River
Rogue River
	Rogue River ti Hellgate Canyon
	Peta daérah cai walungan Rogue
Étimologi	Coquins (rogues), used by early French visitors to the region to describe the local Native Americans (Indians)
Lokasi
Nagara	Amérika Sarikat
Nagara bagian	Oregon
County	Klamath, Douglas, ; Jackson, Josephine, jeung Curry
Kota	Grants Pass
Physical characteristics
	Citakan:Infobox river/source
	Citakan:Infobox river/source
	Citakan:Infobox river/source
	Citakan:Infobox river/source
	Citakan:Infobox river/source
	Citakan:Infobox river/source
Muhara	Samudra Pasifik
⁃ location	Gold Beach, Curry County, Oregon
⁃ coordinates	42°25′21″N 124°25′45″W / 42.42250°N 124.42917°WKoordinat: 42°25′21″N 124°25′45″W / 42.42250°N 124.42917°W
⁃ elevation	0 ft (0 m) units?
Panjang	215 mi (346 km) units?
Ukuran basin	5,156 sq mi (13,350 km2) units?
	Citakan:Infobox river/discharge
	Citakan:Infobox river/discharge
	Citakan:Infobox river/discharge
	Citakan:Infobox river/discharge
	Citakan:Infobox river/discharge
	Page Modul:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
Page Modul:Infobox/styles.css has no content. Invalid designation
Tipe	Wild, Scenic, Recreational
Ditunjuk	October 2, 1968

Page Modul:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

Walungan Rogue (basa Tolowa: yan-shuu-chit’ taa-ghii~-li~’,^[7] basa Takélma: tak-elam^[8]) nyaéta hiji walungan anu aya di nagara bagian Oregon, Amérika Sarikat.^[3] Walungan Rogue dipikawanoh ku lantaran arusna anu tarik. Walungan ieu dikurilingan ku pagunungan leuweung sarta babatuan.^[9]

Walungan ieu jarakna 215 mil ti Cascade Range nepi ka Samudra Pasifik, girangna ti deukeut Situ Kawah sarta muharana aya di Gold Beach Oregon. Walungan Rogue mangrupa salah sahiji ti dalapan walungan asli anu disebutkeun dina Wild and Scenic Rivers Act di taun 1968. Hutan Nasional Rogue-Klamath-Siskiyou sarta Leuweung Kalmiopsis ngurilingan Walungan Rogue. Daérah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Walungan Rogue nyaéta salah sahiji ti opat leuweung tipeu konifér nu boga iklim sedeng anu ragamna panglobana di dunya, anu eusina 3.500 spésiés tutuwuhan anu baréda.^[10]

Asal usul ngaran

Mmitina, kecap rogue anu hartina tukang tipu^[11] dilarapkeun ku urang Éropa ka pribumi asli Amérika anu nyicingan walungan éta ti saprak Perang Indian ti 1855 nepi ka 1856. Urang Éropa nyebut pribumi minangka "Indian Rogue". Kadieunakeun, kecap "rogue" dipaké pikeun nyebutkeun ngaran walunganana.^[10]

Sajarah

Ti jaman bihari, pasna ti taun 1800-an, Walungan Rogue geus dipikawanoh ku lantaran loba emasna. Di taun 1850, loba urang Éropa anu daratang ka dieu pikeun nambang emas, moro, sarta ngala lauk. Mimitina pribumi soméah ka maranéhna, ngan urang Éropa sok nelasan pribumi au eukeur nyorangan. Hal ieu anu nyababkeun konflik antara urang Éropa jeung pangeusi asli Amérika anu ngabalukarkeun "Perang Indian" Walungan Rogue di taun 1855-1856. Ieu perang téh antara Angkatan Darat Amérika Sarikat jeung para pribumi. Sanggeus kitu, pangeusi asli Amérika tuluy dipindahkeun ka tempat reservasi, di dinya,loba nu paraéh ku sabab panyakit jeung kakurangan dahareun sarta cai.^[12]^[10]

Ékosistem

Sasatoan

Walungan Rogue mangrupa habitat pikeun loba spésiés lauk, di antarana chinook salmon, coho salmon, steelhead, cutthroat trout, jeung sturgeon héjo. Walungan ieu kawentar minangka "habitat salmon kalawan kualitas nu panghadéna di kulon".^[12]^[10]

Lauk anu geus gedé ngendog di walungan, tuluy megar babaraha bulan saenggeusna. Sabada megar, sababaraha spésiés saperti coho, hulu baja, jeung sturgeon héjo, netep heula di walungan salila sataun, sedengkeun nu lianna saperti chinook langsung baé ka laut.^[12]

Walungan Rogue miboga spésiés lauk asli, di antarana aya lauk emas, shad Amérika, lauk pike leutik, brown bullhead,lélé, black crappie, jeung red shiner.^[10]

Salian ti lauk, di deukeut walungan ieu ogé sok aya biruang hideung, uncal, berang-berang, bango biru gedé, sarta ospréy, pikeun néangan salmon.^[12]

Tutuwuhan

Di deukeut Walungan Rogue, rupa-rupa tutuwuhan aya. Kaitung aya kira-kira 3.500 spésiés tutuwuhan. Ti mimiti ti girang, aya dupa cédar, camara bodas, sarta camara beureum Shasta. Tuluy di beulah hilir, aya tatangkalan anu daunna garedé, sarta jujukutan. Di hilir aya pines ponderosa gedé, Douglas-fir, madrone, manzanita, pines Jeffrey, sarta tangkal ék di sakabéh landeuh.^[10]

Aya ogé kebon bungbuahan, lahan tatanén, sarta tegalan anu dijarieun ku jelema. Tuluy di aréa riparian, aya willow, alder beureum, kai kapas hideung, sarta abu Oregon. Di daérah muhara, aya sabana ék, végétasi padang rumput, jeung loba balong.^[10]

Salian ti éta, réa ogé kekembangan anu tumuwuh di deukeut walungan. Sapanjang taun kekembangan éta marekar, komo pas usum semi mah. Aya rhododendron, tulip, jeung sajabana.^[10]

Pariwisata

Tarikna arus Walungan Rogue

Walungan Rogue jeung daérah di sabudeureunana nyadiakeun rupa-rupa pangalaman rékreasi. Hal éta au nyababkeun jumlah wisatawan di walungan ieu bisa nepi ka satengah juta unggal taunna.^[12]

Wisatawan bisa kémping dina mobil atawa nyupiran sapanjang walungan. Wisatawan ogé bisa hiking di Jalur Rékréasi Nasional Walungan Rogue sapanjang 40 mil, arung jeram ngaliwatan jeram liar, atawa bisa ogé nyusur walungan anu arusna leuwih tenang.^[9]

Salian ti éta, wisatawan ogé bisa paparahuan, ngojay, kémping, sarta nguseup di Walungan Rogue.^[12]

Galéri

Sasak North Folk jeung Walungan Rogue
Situ Lost Creek
Di handapeun sasak alami Walungan Rogue
Bendungan Gold Ray
Wisatawan anu eukeur rafting

Tingali ogé

Walungan

Rujukan

↑ McArthur & McArthur 2003, p. 822.
↑ Tingkat kaluhuran Google Earth pikeun koordinat GNIS
↑ ^a ^b ^c [[[:Citakan:Gnis3]] "Rogue River"]. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). United States Geological Survey. November 28, 1980. Diakses tanggal April 16, 2009.
↑ United States Geological Survey (USGS). "United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Hamaker Butte, Oregon quad". TopoQuest. Diakses tanggal April 15, 2009. The map includes a river mile (RM) marker for RM 211 (river kilometer 346) near the confluence of the Rogue River with Mazama Creek.
↑ ^a ^b "Water-data report 2007: 14372300 Rogue River near Agness, OR" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Diakses tanggal April 21, 2009.
↑ Crown et al. 2008, summary, p. i.
↑ Confederated Tribes of Siletz (2007). "Siletz Talking Dictionary". Swarthmore College. Diakses tanggal June 4, 2012.
↑ Fattig, Paul (1998-08-16). "Bits of Lost Takelma Language Preserved". Mail Tribune (Medford, Oregon: Local Media Group). Diarsipkan dari yang asli on 2016-03-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20160309032124/http://www.mailtribune.com/article/19980816/NEWS/308169999. Diakses pada March 8, 2016 Archived Maret 9, 2016, di Wayback Machine
↑ ^a ^b "Programs Recreation: Permits and Passes: Lotteries and Permit Systems: Oregon-Washington: Rogue River". www.blm.gov. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-07.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Flora and Fauna of the Rogue River". Morrisons Rogue Wilderness Adventures (dalam en-US). Diakses tanggal 2020-01-08.
↑ "Google Tarjamah". translate.google.com. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-08.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Rogue River, Oregon". Rivers.gov. Diakses tanggal 08-01-2020.

[FOOTNOTEMcArthurMcArthur2003822-1] McArthur & McArthur 2003, p. 822.

[GE-2] Tingkat kaluhuran Google Earth pikeun koordinat GNIS

[gnis-3] [[[:Citakan:Gnis3]] "Rogue River"]. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). United States Geological Survey. November 28, 1980. Diakses tanggal April 16, 2009.

[topoquest_Hamaker_Butte-4] United States Geological Survey (USGS). "United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Hamaker Butte, Oregon quad". TopoQuest. Diakses tanggal April 15, 2009. The map includes a river mile (RM) marker for RM 211 (river kilometer 346) near the confluence of the Rogue River with Mazama Creek.

[Agness_gauge-5] "Water-data report 2007: 14372300 Rogue River near Agness, OR" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Diakses tanggal April 21, 2009.

[FOOTNOTECrownMeyersTugawTurner2008isummary-6] Crown et al. 2008, summary, p. i.

[7] Confederated Tribes of Siletz (2007). "Siletz Talking Dictionary". Swarthmore College. Diakses tanggal June 4, 2012.

[8] Fattig, Paul (1998-08-16). "Bits of Lost Takelma Language Preserved". Mail Tribune (Medford, Oregon: Local Media Group). Diarsipkan dari yang asli on 2016-03-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20160309032124/http://www.mailtribune.com/article/19980816/NEWS/308169999. Diakses pada March 8, 2016 Archived Maret 9, 2016, di Wayback Machine

[:0-9] "Programs Recreation: Permits and Passes: Lotteries and Permit Systems: Oregon-Washington: Rogue River". www.blm.gov. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-07.

[:2-10] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Flora and Fauna of the Rogue River". Morrisons Rogue Wilderness Adventures (dalam en-US). Diakses tanggal 2020-01-08.

[11] "Google Tarjamah". translate.google.com. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-08.

[:1-12] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Rogue River, Oregon". Rivers.gov. Diakses tanggal 08-01-2020.

[1]

[3]

[4]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]