Ki pahang

Ki pahang
	Polong malapari, Pongamia pinnata; di pantai Rempek, Gangga, Lombok Utara
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiospermae
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Ordo:	Fabales
Kulawarga:	Fabaceae
Génus:	Pongamia
Spésiés:	P. pinnata
Ngaran binomial
	Pongamia pinnata; (L.) Pierre
Sinonim
	Daptar Cytisus pinnatus L. (basionym); Dalbergia arborea Willd.; Galedupa indica Lam.; Galedupa pungum J.G.Gmel.; Millettia novo-guineensis Kanéh. & Hatus.; Pongamia glabra Vent.; Pongamia xerocarpa Hassk.; Pterocarpus flavus Lour.; Robinia mitis L.; Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi; Sinonim selengkapnya: The Plant List ;

Ki pahang; ki pahang laut; bangkongan; (id) malapari^[5] (Pongamia pinnata) nyaéta hiji tangkal anu asalna tina kulawarga suku Fabaceae (Leguminosae). Ki pahang dipiwanoh ku ngaran daérahna kacang kayu laut (ms) ; mabai (Bk.); kepik (Jw.); kranji (Md.); butis, sikam (Tim.); berah (Alor); asawali, sawali, awakal, wawakal (Amb.); liada (Seram); hate hira (Ternate); maho (Galela); marauwen (Minh.) ^[6]

Dina basa Inggris ki pahang dipiwanoh ngaranna Indian beech, ki pahang loba kapanggih hirup ti mimiti India, Tiongkok, Jepang, wewengkon Malaysia, nepika Australia jeung Pasifik.^[7]^[8]^[9] Dina basa India, ki pahang sok disebut ogé: poongam, pungai, karanj, honge, jeung réa-réa deui.

Ciri mandiri

Pelat botani numutkeun Blanco

Tumbuh di tepi pantai. Penutup tanah adalah katang-katang (Ipomoea pes-caprae)

Batang

Tandan bunga

Siki buah jeung cangkang

Tangkal ukurannya sedeng, jangkung bisa nepi ka 25 m sarta buleudan tangkalna 25 cm.^[5]^[10]

Daun majemuk nyirip gasal mibanda anak daun 5, panjang 15-30 cm. Anak daun ipis kawas kertas, wanguna rubak aya ogé anu lonyod, 8 × 5 cm, kalawan lk. 6 pasang tulang daun sekunder; cupat daun pondok, semu buleud.

Kembang di jero tandan; rantuy, panjang nepika 20 cm. Kuntum; Florét kembang panjang lk. 1 cm; kalawan kelopak ngawujud mangkok, kelir beureum jambu aya ogé anu beureum kolot; mahkota kembang aya anu beureum aya ogé anu bodas. Ki pahang bijil kembangna henteu aya usumna, atawa kembangan sapanjang taun. ^[11]

Buah lonyod melengkung katungtung, lk. 4-7 cm, gundul, kelir coklat ngora, ungal polong ; dieusianh siki hiji.^[5]

Tempat asal

Ki pahang ditaksir kawasna asli ti Asia daratan, tuluy nyebar ka daérah tropika jeung subtropika di India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma, sarta Thailand; di sapajang susukan jeung basisir.^[12]^[13] Nya tidieu pisan, ki pahang tuluy waé nyebar ka nagara-nagara sabudeureun malahan aya anu nepika jauh ti tempat asalna, saperti aya di :Pakistan, Srilanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Filipina, Papua Nugini, Australia, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Kepulauan Solomon, Selandia Baru, Tiongkok, Jepang, Amerika Serikat, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sudan, jeung Mesir.^[12]

Di Nusantara, ki pahang ilaharna kapanggih hirup di leuweung nu perenahna di sisi basisir kalawan taneuh na taringul ku karang,^[10] ogé katempo hirup deukeut jeung leuweung babakoan palebah taneuh nu garingna.^[11]. Aya hiji varietas, tayalian var. xerocarpa (Prain) Thoth., nyebar lewih jauh ti basisir, di sabudeureun sisi susukan. Varietas ieu dibédakeun alatan mibanda daun 3 pasang + salambar anak daun; wujudna lambaran anu mencos.^[5]^[10]

Mangpaat jeung kagunaan

Kulit tangkal ki pahang bisa dimangpaatekun pikeun ngubaran nyeri alatan dipatil lauk, dicong-cong gegeremet, jeung sajabana. Kulit tangkalna digodog bareng jeung kacang héjo, Bawang bodas, mesoyi tambah cengkéh, dipaké ku urang Seram wetan jeung Banda ngubaran kasakit beri-beri.^[14]. Kulit berbau tak enak ini di Grajagan, Banyuwangi, dipakai untuk mengatasi kudis.^[15]

Siki buah ki pahang matak weureu; ngandung racun, nya sok dipaké pikeun ngaracun lauk .^[15] Minyak tina sikina bisa dipakai pikeun ngubaran penyakit kulit, minyak lampu, bahan pikeun nyieun sabun, malahan kiwari geus mimiti dimangpaatekun pikeun bahan biodiesel.^[16]^[17]

Ki pahang ogé ngahaja dipelak dimangpaatekun pikeun pangiuh-iuh jalan, wates susukan irigasi, pepelakan hias, panahan angin, sarta nyuburkeun taneuh.^[12]^[13]Kai tangkal ki pahang kawilang alus tur kuat bisa dimangpaat keun pikeun rupa-rupa kabutuhan kayaning: lomari, korsi, pakakas tatanén, aseuk, pager, gagang parabot, jeung sajabana. ^[12] Malahan ku kandungan kalori anu luhur (4600 kkal) unggal kilona alus dimangpaatekun pikeu suluh.^[13]

Dicutat tina

↑ "Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre". ILDIS. ILDIS. 2010-07-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-24.
↑ Pierre, JBL. 1899. Flore Forestiére de la Cochinchine 3(25): sub pl. 385. Paris :O. Doin, 1880-1907.
↑ Linne, C. von & L. Salvius. 1753. Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, ... vol. 2: 741. Holmiae :Impensis Laurentii Salvii, [1 May 1753].
↑ "Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre". ILDIS. The Plant List. 2010-07-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-24. Archived 2023-04-10 di Wayback Machine
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Argent, G., A. Saridan, EJF. Campbell, & P. Wilkie. t.t. "Leguminosae". Manual of The Larger and More Important Non-Dipterocarp Trees of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. :366. Samarinda: Forest Research Institute.
↑ Heyne, K. 1987. Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia 2: 1005. Jakarta: Badan Litbang Kehutanan, Departemen Kehutanan. (versi berbahasa Belanda -1916- II: 306, sebagai Pongamia glabra.).
↑ "Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-01-31. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-02.
↑ "Plants profile for Millettia pinnata (pongame oiltree)". PLANTS Profile. United States Department of Agriculture. Diakses tanggal 2012-03-30.
↑ Hyland, BPM.; T. Whiffin; FA. Zich, et al. 2010. "Factsheet – Millettia pinnata". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Edition 6.1, online version [RFK 6.1]. Cairns, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), through its Division of Plant Industry; the Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; the Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University. Retrieved 14 Mar 2013.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Whitmore, TC. 1972. "Leguminosae". In: TC. Whitmore (Ed.) Tree Flora of Malaya vol. 1: 303. Kuala Lumpur :Longman.
↑ ^a ^b Giesen, W., S. Wulffraat, M. Zierenand & L. Scholten. 2007. Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia^{[tumbu nonaktif]}: 198-9. Bangkok :FAO and Wetlands International. ISBN 974-7946-85-8
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Orwa C.; Mutua A.; Kindt R.; Jamnadass R.; Simons A. (2009). "Pongamia pinnata; Fabaceae - Papilionoideae; (L.) Pierre; pongam, karanj, karanga, kanji" (PDF). Agroforestry Database version 4.0. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-27.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Winrock FactSheet: Pongamia pinnata - a nitrogen fixing tree for oilseed Archived 2016-01-17 di Wayback Machine
↑ Rumpf, G.E. 1743. Herbarium Amboinense: plurimas conplectens arbores, frutices, ... Pars III: 183, Tab. cxvii. Amstelaedami :apud Franciscum Changuion, Joannem Catuffe, Hermannum Uttwerf. MDCCXLIII.
↑ ^a ^b Koorders, SH. & Th. Valeton. 1895. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Boomsorten op Java. no. 2: 93. Meded. uit 's Lands Plantentuin no. XIV. Batavia: G. Kollf & co. (sebagai Pongamia glabra.)
↑ Duke, JA. 1983. Handbook of Energy Crops: Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre
↑ Sangwan, S., DV.Rao & RA. Sharma. 2010. "A review on Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a great versatile leguminous plant". Nature and Science 8(11): 130-9.

Pranala luar

Wikispecies mibanda émbaran ngeunaan: Pongamia pinnata

Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Pongamia pinnata .

Plant Illustrations: Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (gambar-gambar ilustrasi)
Prohati: Millettia pinnata (L.) G. Panigrahi Archived 2015-09-24 di Wayback Machine
Malapari (Pongamia pinnata/glabra, Derris indica) dalam Prihandana, R. & R. Hendroko. 2008. Energi hijau: pilihan bijak menuju negeri mandiri energi. Jakarta :Penebar Swadaya.
Pongamia Pinnata: The Prospects For Profitable Sustainability Archived 2017-06-17 di Wayback Machine
The Rural Oil Well Archived 2010-06-23 di Wayback Machine
Seeds of Hope Archived 2011-07-26 di Wayback Machine
Lambkin, Trevor A (1999). "A host list for Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia". Australian Journal of Entomology 38 (4): 373. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6055.1999.00119.x.
First commercial research program for Pongamia in Australia Archived 2012-09-04 di Archive.today
Information on Millettia pinnata (pongamia) as a biofuel crop Archived 2014-12-27 di Wayback Machine

Artikel ieu mangrupa taratas, perlu disampurnakeun. Upami sadérék uninga langkung paos perkawis ieu, dihaturan kanggo ngalengkepan.

[ildis-1] "Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre". ILDIS. ILDIS. 2010-07-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-24.

[2] Pierre, JBL. 1899. Flore Forestiére de la Cochinchine 3(25): sub pl. 385. Paris :O. Doin, 1880-1907.

[3] Linne, C. von & L. Salvius. 1753. Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, ... vol. 2: 741. Holmiae :Impensis Laurentii Salvii, [1 May 1753].

[TPL11-4] "Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre". ILDIS. The Plant List. 2010-07-14. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-24. Archived 2023-04-10 di Wayback Machine

[argent-5] Argent, G., A. Saridan, EJF. Campbell, & P. Wilkie. t.t. "Leguminosae". Manual of The Larger and More Important Non-Dipterocarp Trees of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. :366. Samarinda: Forest Research Institute.

[heyne-6] Heyne, K. 1987. Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia 2: 1005. Jakarta: Badan Litbang Kehutanan, Departemen Kehutanan. (versi berbahasa Belanda -1916- II: 306, sebagai Pongamia glabra.).

[GRIN-7] "Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-01-31. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-02.

[USDA-8] "Plants profile for Millettia pinnata (pongame oiltree)". PLANTS Profile. United States Department of Agriculture. Diakses tanggal 2012-03-30.

[9] Hyland, BPM.; T. Whiffin; FA. Zich, et al. 2010. "Factsheet – Millettia pinnata". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Edition 6.1, online version [RFK 6.1]. Cairns, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), through its Division of Plant Industry; the Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; the Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University. Retrieved 14 Mar 2013.

[whitmore-10] Whitmore, TC. 1972. "Leguminosae". In: TC. Whitmore (Ed.) Tree Flora of Malaya vol. 1: 303. Kuala Lumpur :Longman.

[giesen-11] Giesen, W., S. Wulffraat, M. Zierenand & L. Scholten. 2007. Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia^{[tumbu nonaktif]}: 198-9. Bangkok :FAO and Wetlands International. ISBN 974-7946-85-8

[WorldAgro-12] Orwa C.; Mutua A.; Kindt R.; Jamnadass R.; Simons A. (2009). "Pongamia pinnata; Fabaceae - Papilionoideae; (L.) Pierre; pongam, karanj, karanga, kanji" (PDF). Agroforestry Database version 4.0. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-27.

[Winrock-13] Winrock FactSheet: Pongamia pinnata - a nitrogen fixing tree for oilseed Archived 2016-01-17 di Wayback Machine

[rumpf-14] Rumpf, G.E. 1743. Herbarium Amboinense: plurimas conplectens arbores, frutices, ... Pars III: 183, Tab. cxvii. Amstelaedami :apud Franciscum Changuion, Joannem Catuffe, Hermannum Uttwerf. MDCCXLIII.

[KV-15] Koorders, SH. & Th. Valeton. 1895. Bijdrage tot de kennis der Boomsorten op Java. no. 2: 93. Meded. uit 's Lands Plantentuin no. XIV. Batavia: G. Kollf & co. (sebagai Pongamia glabra.)

[16] Duke, JA. 1983. Handbook of Energy Crops: Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

[17] Sangwan, S., DV.Rao & RA. Sharma. 2010. "A review on Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a great versatile leguminous plant". Nature and Science 8(11): 130-9.

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Ki pahang

Polong malapari, Pongamia pinnata di pantai Rempek, Gangga, Lombok Utara
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiospermae
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Ordo:	Fabales
Kulawarga:	Fabaceae
Génus:	Pongamia
Spésiés:	P. pinnata
Ngaran binomial
Pongamia pinnata^[1] (L.) Pierre^[2]
Sinonim
Daptar Cytisus pinnatus L.^[3] (basionym) Dalbergia arborea Willd. Galedupa indica Lam. Galedupa pungum J.G.Gmel. Millettia novo-guineensis Kanéh. & Hatus. Pongamia glabra Vent. Pongamia xerocarpa Hassk. Pterocarpus flavus Lour. Robinia mitis L. Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi Sinonim selengkapnya: The Plant List^[4]